Table 1.
Risk factors for placental malaria infection in Sudanese women using univariate and logistic regression analyses
| Characteristics | N (%) of the total | Placental positive, N (%) | Univariate analyses | Logistic regression analyses | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |||
| Site of collection | ||||||
| Ed-Dmazen Hospital | 372 (32.4) | 263 (38.8) | 2.8 (2.1–3.7) | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 0.831 |
| El-Roseires Hospital | 227 (19.8) | 162 (23.9) | 2.9 (2.1–4.1) | <0.001 | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.051 |
| Surgical complex | 550 (47.9) | 252 (37.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Age groups (years)a | ||||||
| <23.3 | 674 (58.7) | 561 (82.9) | 15.3 (11.4–20.5) | <0.001 | 3.2 (1.9–5.5) | <0.001 |
| ≥23.3 | 475 (41.3) | 116 (17.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Parity | ||||||
| Primiparae | 553 (48.1) | 459 (67.8) | 23.1 (15.9–33.6) | <0.001 | 3.9 (2.1–7.6) | <0.001 |
| Secundiparae | 297 (25.8) | 166 (24.5) | 6.0 (4.1–8.7) | <0.001 | 2.8 (1.5–5.1) | <0.001 |
| Multiparae | 299 (26.0) | 52 (7.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Residence | ||||||
| Rural | 347 (30.2) | 256 (37.8) | 2.4 (1.9–3.3) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 0.244 |
| Urban | 802 (69.8) | 421 (62.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Education | ||||||
| <Secondary level | 922 (80.2) | 589 (87.0) | 2.7 (2.0–3.7) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) | 0.049 |
| ≥Secondary level | 227 (19.8) | 88 (13.0) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Antenatal care visits | ||||||
| Not attended | 697 (60.7) | 566 (83.6) | 13.2 (9.9–17.6) | 0.001 | 11.9 (7.8– 18.1) | <0.001 |
| Attended | 452 (39.3) | 111 (16.4) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Use bed nets | ||||||
| No | 1047 (91.1) | 659 (97.3) | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | <0.001 | 3.5 (1.7–6.8) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 102 (8.9) | 18 (2.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Peripheral malaria | ||||||
| Positive | 434 (37.8) | 416 (61.4) | 40.2 (24.4–66.0) | <0.001 | 13.5 (7.6–23.9) | <0.001 |
| Negative | 715 (62.2) | 261 (38.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
N number, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
aCorrected for parity. Four women were missing data on education