Table 4.

Predictors of mortality to all causes of heart failure

Variables		Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
		Hazard ratio (95% CI)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P- value
Gender	Female	1.122 (0.643–1.958)	–
Age, Years		1.039 (1.021–1.058)	1.041 (1.017–1.066)	0.001*
NYHA Class	Class IV	1.622 (0.764–3.442)	0.946 (0.402–2.227)	0.899
Heart Rate, bpm		1.005 (0.992–1.017)	–
Systolic BP, mmHg		1.017 (1.008–1.026)	0.992 (0.975–1.009)	0.367
Diastolic BP, mmHg		1.031 (1.016–1.046)	1.020 (0.997–1.044)	0.089
Anemia		1.740 (1.004–3.016)	0.862 (0.439–1.693)	0.666
Sodium, mEq/L		0.937 (0.903–0.973)	0.933 (0.882–0.987)	0.016*
Creatinine, mg/dl		1.877 (1.636–2.155)	1.869 (1.460–2.392)	<0.0001*
AF	Yes	0.535 (0.275–1.039)	1.913 (0.583–6.272)	0.284
VHD	Yes	0.635 (0.366–1.103)	0.821 (0.418–1.612)	0.566
IHD	Yes	2.261 (1.228–4.162)	0.620 (0.256–1.501)	0.289
HHD	Yes	0.918 (0.449–1.876)	–
DCMP	Yes	0.878 (0.346–2.227)	–
Cor pulmonare	Yes	0.776 (0.106–5.691)	–
Other etiology	Yes	1.237 (0.443–3.453)	–
LVEF, %		0.977 (0.955–0.998)	0.984 (0.955–1.014)	0.283
Diuretics	Yes	0.586 (0.229–1.496)	–
Spironolactone	Yes	0.359 (0.210–0.613)	0.527 (0.276–0.996)	0.050*
ACEI	Yes	0.546 (0.311–0.960)	0.410 (0.197–0.852)	0.017*
Beta Blocker	Yes	0.555 (0.320–0.964)	0.578 (0.295–1.132)	0.110
Digoxin	Yes	0.401 (0.201–0.800)	0.634 (0.225–1.791)	0.390
Antiplatelates	Yes	0.895 (0.478–1.674)	–
Anticoagulants	Yes	0.400 (0.180–0.888)	0.841 (0.277–2.558)	0.760
Statin	Yes	1.431 (0.754–2.715)	–
CCB	Yes	1.524 (0744–3.119)	–

ACEI Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, AF Atrial Fibrillation, BP blood pressure, CCB calcium channel blocker, DCMP Dilated Cardiomyopathy, HHD hypertensive heart disease, IHD Ischemic heart disease, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association

*p < 0.05