Table 2.
Overview of mean relative differences (mDIFF), mean standard error of the mean (mSEM), goodness of fit (GOF) and Akaike information criterium (AIC) for each combination of sensitivity functions and models fitted on simulated data
| mDIFF (%) | mSEM | GOF (%) | AIC | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basica | ACTb | Ka | Basica | ACTb | Ka | BS | T | MA | ||
| Fitted model without activation dynamics | ||||||||||
| BS | 22.4 | – | – | 0.10 | – | – | 99.5 | – | – | −1.34 |
| T | 22.2 | – | – | 0.11 | – | – | – | 99.4 | – | −1.36 |
| BS + T | 22.2 | – | – | 0.08 | – | – | 99.5 | 99.4 | – | −0.94 |
| Fitted model with activation dynamics | ||||||||||
| BS | 28.0 | 47.6 | – | 1.76 | 0.44 | – | 99.7 | – | – | −1.43 |
| T | 27.6 | 47.9 | – | 1.66 | 0.42 | – | – | 99.5 | – | −1.45 |
| BS + T | 23.3 | 59.4 | – | 0.46 | 0.26 | – | 99.7 | 99.5 | – | −1.11 |
| BS + MA | 47.4 | 30.9 | – | 1.94e12 | 0.27 | – | 93.5 | – | 85.6 | 1.88 |
| T + MA | 47.5 | 30.9 | – | 2.19e12 | 0.28 | – | – | 90.9 | 85.6 | 1.88 |
| BS + T + MA | 48.2 | 31.0 | – | 2.01e12 | 0.22 | – | 96.2 | 95.2 | 81.6 | 2.02 |
| Fitted model with activation dynamics and acceleration feedback | ||||||||||
| BS + MA | 15.0 | 0.8 | 15.4 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 99.5 | – | 98.7 | −0.41 |
| T + MA | 15.1 | 0.8 | 15.4 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | – | 99.3 | 98.7 | −0.43 |
| BS + T + MA | 13.1 | 0.7 | 13.9 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 99.6 | 99.5 | 98.5 | −0.25 |
BS body sway, T ankle torque, MA muscle activation, ACT activation dynamics, K a acceleration feedback
aBasic parameters consist of intrinsic dynamics, reflexive dynamics, time delay and proprioceptive weight
bActivation dynamics parameters consist of the relative damping and eigenfrequency