Figure 1.

Schematic diagram of lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism. In cytoplasm, (A) lncRNAs can regulate turnover, translation, and silencing of partially complementary mRNAs. (B) lncRNAs can act as a miRNA sponge, reducing miRNA availability. (C) lncRNAs can modulate signaling pathways by interacting with signaling molecules. In nucleus, (D) nuclear lncRNAs can be decoys for regulatory proteins such as transcription factor. (E) Nuclear lncRNAs can serve as a scaffold for RNA-protein complex. RNP: ribonucleoprotein. (F) Nuclear lncRNAs can be an epigenetic regulator by recruiting chromatin modification factors.