Table 3.

Factors associated with frailty on univariate and multivariate logistic regression

Variables	Univariate		Multivariate
	Odds ratio for frailty (95% CI)	P	Adjusted odds ratio for frailty (95% CI)	P
Frailty defined by Fried frailty phenotype
Female gender	1.19 (0.80–1.75)	0.39	–	–
Age	1.08 (1.06–1.11)	<0.001	1.07 (1.05–1.10)	<0.001
Low education (not finish high school)	1.94 (1.29–2.93)	0.01	1.58 (1.01–2.46)	0.04
Poor reported nutritional status	3.68 (1.85–7.29)	<0.001	2.96 (1.43–6.11)	0.01
Cardiovascular diseases	1.57 (1.07–2.30)	0.02	1.76 (1.16–2.67)	0.01
Hypertension	1.01 (0.68–1.49)	0.97	–	–
Diabetes mellitus	1.16 (0.72–1.74)	0.63	–	–
Chronic pulmonary diseases	1.27 (0.72–2.24)	0.41	–	–
Renal impairment (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)	3.58 (2.02–6.33)	<0.001	–	–
Cancer	1.87 (0.69–5.08)	0.22	–	–
Osteoarthritis	1.44 (0.93–2.22)	0.10	–	–
Anemia	1.51 (0.96–2.38)	0.08	–	–
Living alone	0.91 (0.23–3.70)	0.90	–	–
Frailty defined by REFS
Female gender	1.68 (1.12–2.52)	0.01	–	–
Age	1.06 (1.04–1.09)	<0.001	1.05 (1.03–1.08)	<0.001
Low education (not finish high school)	2.71 (1.74–4.22)	<0.001	2.18 (1.37–3.46)	0.001
Poor reported nutritional status	5.66 (2.78–11.54)	<0.001	4.51 (2.15–9.44)	<0.001
Cardiovascular diseases	0.85 (0.57–1.26)	0.41	–	–
Hypertension	0.82 (0.55–1.22)	0.32	–	–
Diabetes mellitus	1.17 (0.75–1.84)	0.49	–	–
Chronic pulmonary diseases	1.09 (0.60–1.96)	0.78	–	–
Renal impairment (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)	2.16 (1.22–3.81)	0.01	–	–
Cancer	1.69 (0.62–4.64)	0.31	–	–
Osteoarthritis	1.19 (0.76–1.86)	0.44	–	–
Anemia	1.71 (1.07–2.75)	0.03	–	–
Living alone	4.41 (1.09–17.89)	0.04	–	–

Only variables that had a P-value <0.20 in univariate regression were entered into multiple regression model

REFS Reported Edmonton Frail Scale, GFR glomerular filtration rate, CI confidence interval