Table 1.

Clinical, biochemical and morphological characteristics of the different groups according to glucose levels

Variable	Group 1 (FPG: <4.44 mmol/l)	Group 2 (FPG: 4.44–5.26 mmol/l)	Group 3 (FPG: 5.27–6.94 mmol/l)	Group 4 (FPG: >6.94mmol/l)	p value
Baboons (n) (total n=40)	10	9	9	12
Age (years)	21.9 ± 1.0	19.8 ± 0.9	22.0 ±1.4	21.2 ± 0.9	0.469
Sex (F/M)	6/4	6/3	6/3	10/2	0.252
Weight (kg)
Females	17.8 ± 2.1	15.5 ± 0.7	19.5 ± 2.5	19.6 ± 2.1	0.523
Males	26.4 ± 2.0	28.5± 1.2	27.7 ± 0.7	25.8 ± 3.0	0.755
FPG (mmol/l)	3.98 ± 0.11	4.72 ± 0.07	5.78 ± 0.16	13.10 ± 1.62*	<0.001
NEFA (mmol/l)	0.43 ± 0.1	0.52 ± 0.1	0.73 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.3*	0.001
Loge insulin (pmol/l)	11.2 ± 0.2	11.5 ± 0.4	11.8 ± 0.5	9.8 ± 0.6‡	0.024
Loge glucagon (ng/l)	11.0 ±0.1	11.0 ± 0.1	11.1 ± 0.1	11.6 ± 0.2*,†	0.002
Cholesterol (mmol/l)	2.0 ± 0.2	2.6 ± 0.2	2.7 ± 0.2	3.5 ± 0.5*	0.003
Loge(HOMA-B)	6.3 ± 0.3	5.5 ± 0.4	5.1 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.4*,†,‡	<0.001
Loge(HOMA-IR)	7.6 ± 0.3	8.0 ± 0.3	8.5 ± 0.4	8.3 ± 0.3	0.064
Islets volume %/pancreas	3.2 ± 0.3	3.3 ± 0.4	3.9 ± 1.1	4.4 ± 0.6*,†,‡	0.002
Amyloid volume %/islets	12.9±4.6	19.1 ± 6.3*	33.6 ± 7.5*,†	70.2 ± 5.2*,†,‡	0.001
Islet size (μm2)	9287 ± 590	9294 ± 960	11709 ± 2511	11135 ± 923*,†,‡	0.002
Beta cell volume/pancreas vol (%)	2.1±0.2	1.9 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.3*	0.022
Beta cell volume/islet volume(%)	60.0±3.7	60.4 ± 5.6	50.2 ± 6.5	23.7 ± 4.9*,†,‡	0.001
Alpha cell volume/pancreas volume (%)	0.58±0.1	0.57±0.1	0.90±0.3	0.80±0.1	0.190
Alpha cell volume/islet volume (%)	16.7±1.0	18.3±2.8	26.9±5.0 *,†	24.0±1.9*	0.018
Delta cell volume/pancreas volume (%)	0.14±0.01	0.12±0.01	0.08±0.02	0.09±0.02	0.210
Delta cell volume/islet volume (%)	4.7±0.6	4.4±0.8	2.8±0.7	2.8±0.5*	0.050

^*p<0.05 vs group 1

^†p<0.05 vs group 2

^‡p<0.05 vs group 3

F, female; M, male