Phenotypic characterization of FM2.5. (A and B) Cultures of R20291, FM2.5 and FM2.5RW were challenged with lysozyme (500 μg/ml; A) or LL-37 (5 μg/ml; B) in exponential phase after 2.5 h (indicated with arrows). Untreated control cultures were grown in parallel. Experiments were carried out in triplicate on biological duplicates. Means and standard deviations are shown. (C) Sporulation of R20291, FM2.5, and FM2.5RW after 5 days. Spore CFUs were determined following a standard 65°C heat treatment for 30 minutes or a harsher 75°C heat treatment for 30 minutes. Heat-resistant spore CFUs are expressed as a percentage of total viable CFUs (spores and vegetative cells). Experiments were carried out in duplicate on biological duplicates. Mean and standard deviation are shown. * = P<0.01, determined using using two-tailed t-tests with Welch's correction. (D) Germination of R20291, FM2.5, and FM2.5RW spores. Synchronous germination of purified spores was induced with the bile salt taurocholate. Germination initiation was monitored by measuring the resulting decrease in optical density at OD600nm.