a, Experimental metastasis assay using B16-F10 cells in +/+ (blue), tm1a/+ (green) or tm1a/tm1a (red) male mice. b, Experimental metastasis assay using CMT-167 (+/+, n = 8; tm1a/tm1a, n = 6 female mice), MC-38 (+/+, n = 10; tm1a/tm1a, n = 5 male mice) and EO771. LMB cells (+/+, n = 12; tm1a/tm1a, n = 5 female mice). c, Spontaneous metastasis assay using HCmel12–mCherry melanoma cells in male mice (n = 10 per genotype). d, Experimental metastasis assay using WT31 transformed melanocytes in +/+ (n = 18) and tm1a/tm1a (n = 6) male mice. e, Intra-splenic administration of B16-F10 cells in +/+ (n = 16) and tm1a/tm1a (n = 15) female mice. Shown are representative data from two (b, CMT-167) or three independent experiments (a, b (MC-38 and EO771.LMB), d) or cumulative results of two independent experiments (c, e) with mean ± s.e.m. (b–e) or symbols representing individual mice with horizontal bar at the mean (a). P values are indicated from one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Šídák’s multiple comparisons adjusting for multiple testing (a), Mann–Whitney test (b–d) or one-tailed unpaired t-test (e).