Fig. 2.

Antigen-specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses induced by Pf rCSP-CAF09 immunizations. CD8⁺ T-cell responses were assessed in spleens of mice 10 days after the last immunization with either two or three doses of Pf rCSP-CAF09 (n = 3 per group). Cellular responses were compared to those induced by a prime-boost regimen using recombinant influenza (FluPf) and vaccinia (VacPf) viruses expressing selected sequences of the P. falciparum CSP (n = 3). Mice immunized with CAF09 (3×) alone did not produce measurable T-cell responses. The production of IFN-γ by CD8⁺ T cells was assessed in ex vivo stimulation assays using LM1 cells pulsed with the synthetic peptide DYENDIEKKI. Bars represent means ± SEM. Abbreviations: ns, not significant; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; SEM, standard error of the mean