Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Outcomes, stratified by fall definition group
| All Older Adult ED Visits |
All Falls Captured Combined |
All Falls Captured by Coding |
All Falls Captured by Chief Complaint |
Falls captured by Chief complaint, missed by coding |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 23880 | 4363 (18.3) | 3506 (14.7) | 2664 (11.2) | 857 (3.6) |
| Age | 76.5 (76.4–76.6) | 78.7 (78.4–78.9) | 78.2 (77.9–78.5) | 80.5 (80.2–80.8) | 80.5 (79.9–81.1) |
| Gen (% Female) | 55.6 (54.9–56.1) | 61.0 (59.6–62.5) | 61.8 (60.2–63.4) | 62.4 (60.6–64.2) | 57.6 (54.3–60.9) |
| Race | |||||
| Unknown | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.4 (0.3–0.8) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) |
| White | 91.5 (91.1–91.8) | 94.7 (94.0–95.3) | 94.8 (94.0–95.5) | 94.7 (93.7–95.5) | 94.2 (92.4–95.6) |
| Black | 4.0 (3.7–4.2) | 1.8 (1.5–2.3) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | 1.7 (1.2–2.2) | 2.9 (2.0–4.3) |
| Other | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.8) |
| Asian | 1.9 (1.8–2.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.9 (0.5–1.9) |
| Hispanic | 1.6 (1.5–1.8) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) |
| North American Native | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 0.1 (0.0–0.8) |
| Insurance Status | |||||
| Medicaid/BadgerCare | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 0.2 (0.1–0.9) |
| Medicare | 78.1 (77.6–78.6) | 76.2 (74.9–77.4) | 75.7 (74.3–77.1) | 77.9 (76.3–79.5) | 78.1 (75.2–80.7) |
| Commercial/Worker’s Comp | 11.8 (11.4–12.2) | 10.9 (10.0–11.9) | 11.0 (10.0–12.1) | 9.3 (8.2–10.4) | 10.6 (8.7–12.9) |
| Unknown | 9.5 (9.2–9.9) | 12.5 (11.6–13.6) | 12.9 (11.8–14.0) | 12.5 (11.3–13.8) | 11.1 (9.1–13.4) |
| Mode of Arrival | |||||
| Family or Self | 55.8 (55.1–56.4) | 35.0 (33.6–36.4) | 36.4 (34.8–38.0) | 27.6 (25.9–29.3) | 29.2 (26.2–32.3) |
| EMS | 43.9 (43.2–44.5) | 64.9 (63.4–66.3) | 63.4 (61.8–65.0) | 72.3 (70.6–74.0) | 70.7 (67.6–73.7) |
| Police | 0.3 (0.3–0.4) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.8) |
| ESI Triage Acuity Score | |||||
| 1 | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) |
| 2 | 33.0 (32.4–33.6) | 25.8 (24.6–27.2) | 26.5 (25.1–28.1) | 25.3 (23.7–27.0) | 23.0 (20.3–26.0) |
| 3 | 60.0 (59.3–60.6) | 64.8 (63.4–66.2) | 63.4 (61.8–65.0) | 68.0 (66.2–69.8) | 70.3 (67.2–73.6) |
| 4 | 5.6 (5.3–5.9) | 7.5 (6.7–8.3) | 7.9 (7.0–8.8) | 5.3 (4.5–6.2) | 5.6 (4.3–7.4) |
| 5 | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.0 (0.0–0.2) | 0.0 (0.0–0.2) | No Observation | No Observation |
| Mean Elixhauser Count | 2.8 (2.8–2.8) | 2.6 (2.5–2.7) | 2.5 (2.4–2.6) | 2.8 (2.7–2.9) | 3.1 (2.9–3.2) |
| Mean HCC score | 1.6(1.59–1.63) | 1.4(1.3–1.4) | 1.3(1.3–1.4) | 1.4(1.4–1.5) | 1.6(1.5–1.7) |
| 90-day mortality | 9.0 (8.7–9.4) | 9.3 (8.4–10.2) | 9.2 (8.3–10.2) | 10.3 (9.2–11.5) | 9.3 (7.6–11.5) |
| 30-day mortality | 4.9 (4.7–5.2) | 5.2 (4.6–5.9) | 5.3 (4.6–6.1) | 5.9 (5.0–6.8) | 5.0 (3.7–6.7) |
| Admission Rate | 50.7 (50.1–51.4) | 52.1 (50.6–53.6) | 54.4 (52.7–56.0) | 51.9 (50.0–53.8) | 42.9 (39.7–46.3) |
95% Confidence intervals are included in parentheses. Numbers represent percentages for all categorical variables and means for all continuous variables. ESI is the emergency severity index. HCC is the hierarchical condition category.