Table 3.

Results of linear mixed effects models for rate of energy expenditure.

Response	Predictor	Group	Equation	R2 fixed	R2 all	LogLik	AIC
Log of rate of energy expenditure	Submergence time	Males	1.66–0.009(x)	0.71	0.87	38.91	−69.83
		Females/subadults	1.02–0.007(x)	0.53	0.66	13.65	−19.30
		Large females	3.47−log(x)0.57	0.59	0.88	99.40	−190.80
	RMWa:4 sec; m b:30	Males	Not significant	0.03	0.66	1.33	5.35
	RMWa:4 sec; m b:30	Females/subadults	Not significant	0.03	0.54	8.80	−9.60
	RMWa:1 sec; m b:100	Large females	Not significant	0.04	0.27	−3.05	14.01
	Mean VeDBA RM:3 sec; T:0.4	Males	Not significant	0	0.64	−2.52	13.03
	Mean VeDBA RM:0.4 sec; T:0.2	Females/subadults	Not significant	0	0.35	5.75	−3.35
	Mean ODBA RM:3 sec; T:0.4	Large females	Not significant	0.02	0.24	−5.01	−18.02

Relationships presented are between the rate of oxygen consumption (ml kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) with submergence time (min), dynamic body acceleration (g) or strokes. R² fixed is the amount of variation that is explained by the fixed variables (no random effects) in the model. R² all is the amount of variance that is explained by the fixed variables and the random effects in the model. ^aRMW: running mean window; ^b m: number of consecutive points before a peak (see Ladds et al. 2017 for an explanation).