Table 3.
Study characteristics
| Study | Study design | BMI, mean (SD) | Outcome (questionnaire) |
n (F) age, years {range or [mean (SD)]} |
Study duration | Categorya | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength component | Comparison | ||||||
| Davis [28] | Standard behavioral weight loss program + strength training | (1) Standard behavioral weight loss program (2) Standard behavioral weight loss program + mindfulness |
All: 32.9 (3.7) |
Eating behavior, self efficacy for physical activity and weight loss, exercise beliefs, body image, mindfulness | 71 (63) [25–39.9] |
24 weeks | II |
| Fonzi [33] | Standard behavioral weight loss program + home based strength training | Standard behavioral weight loss program | All: 33.3 (3.5) |
Health related quality of life | 48 (42) [18–55] |
12 weeks | II |
| Ghroubi et al. [34] | Treadmill training + dietary advice + strength training | (1) No intervention control (2) Treadmill training + dietary advice |
All: 37.2 (5.2) |
Psychological impact of obesity, quality of life | 83 (70) [18–60] |
8 weeks | II |
| Goldfield et al. [29] | (1) Strength (2) Strength + aerobic |
(1) Aerobic training (2) No intervention control |
All: 34.6 (4.5) |
Body image, physical self–perceptions and global self–esteem, mood | 304 (213) [14–18] |
24 weeks | I, II, III |
| Lau et al. [35] | Dietary education and modification + strength training | Dietary education and modification | Intervention: 30.4 (4.7) Control: 29.0 (5.1) |
Depression and anxiety | 37 (25) [10–17] |
6 weeks | II |
| Levinger et al. [31] | (1) HiMF + strength training (2) LoMF + strength training |
(1) HiMF no intervention control (2) LoMF no intervention control |
Intervention: (1) 31.6 (4.4) (2) 23.8 (3.1) Control: (1) 30.0 (3.7) (2) 24.3 (3.4) |
Self perceived physical and mental quality of life | 55 (27) [40–69] |
10 weeks | I |
| Levinger et al. [36] | Acute session of strength training in (1) male non obese (2) male obese (3) female non obese (4) female obese |
– | Group (1) 24.2 (0.9) (2) 31.0 (0.9) (3) 21.6 (0.8) (4) 30.6 (1.2) |
Positive well-being, psychological distress and fatigue, health related quality of life | 45 (23) [40–69] |
Acute session of strength training | V |
| Levinger et al. [37] | (1) HiMF + strength training (2) LoMF + strength training |
(1) HiMF no intervention control (2) LoMF no intervention control |
All: 27.7 (0.7) |
Depressed mood, physical health, mental health | 55 (27) [40–69] |
10 weeks | I |
| Martins et al. [38] | Strength training | (1) No intervention control (2) Aerobic training |
Intervention: 30.1 (4.6) Control (1) 29.0 (4.4) (2) 29.8 (4.4) |
Mood states—depression, tension-anxiety, fatigue, vigor-activity, anger-hostility, confusion-bewilderment | 78 (48) [65–95] |
16 weeks | I, III |
| Messier et al. [27] | Caloric restriction group + strength training | Caloric restriction group | Intervention: 32.6 (4.9) Control: 32.2 (4.6) |
Body esteem, self-esteem, stress, dietary restraint, disinhibition, hunger, quality of life, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived risks |
137 (137) [58 (5)] |
25 weeks | II |
| Plotnikoff et al. [39] | Strength training | No intervention control | Intervention: 25.6 (7.8) Control: 38.5 (8.1) |
Social cognitions | 48 (32) [55 (12)] |
16 weeks | I |
| Sarsan et al. [40] | Strength training | (1) No intervention control (2) Aerobic training |
Intervention: 33.73 (2.92) Control: (1) 35.54 (4.98) (2) 35.38 (4.98) |
Ratings of mood | 60 (60) [20–60] |
12 weeks | I, III |
| Schranz, et al. [18] | Strength training | No intervention control | Intervention: 32.2 (4.3) Control: 32.6 (5.0) |
Self- efficacy, physical self-worth, self-esteem | 56 (0) [13–17] |
24 weeks | I |
| Wadden et al. [32] | (1) Diet + strength training (2) Diet + aerobic + strength training |
(1) Diet (2) Diet + aerobic training |
All: 36.5 (5.1) |
Appetite, mood | 128 (128) [41.1 (8.6)] |
48 weeks | II, IV |
| Wicker et al. [30] | Strength training | – | 25.9 (4.74) | Satisfaction | 10,386 (7,260) [46.4 (15.4)] |
4 weeks | V |
| Williams et al. [41] | Strength training | – | 33.1 (3.8) | Outcome expectancy, behavioral expectation, self-regulation, resistance training strategies, perceived satisfaction, intention | 123 (91) [not stated] |
24 weeks | V |
| Yu et al. [42] | Diet + strength training | Diet | Intervention: 25.6 (3.2) 24.7 (3.0) |
Physical self-concept | 82 (28) [8–11] |
6 weeks | II |
BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation, F female, HiMF high metabolic risk factor, LoMF low metabolic risk factor
aFor category labels, see Table 2