Table 2.
Various factors and postoperative AL in patients undergoing esophagectomy: univariate logistic regression analysis
| Variables | AL (−) | AL (+) | HR | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 93 (92.1%) | 8 (7.9%) | 0.7312 | 0.1650–5.1191 | 0.7143 |
| Female | 17 (89.5%) | 2 (10.5%) | |||
| Age (years) | |||||
| >68 | 51 (91.1%) | 5 (8.9%) | 1.8000 | 0.4873–7.3726 | 0.3773 |
| ≤68 | 60 (93.8%) | 4 (6.2%) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| ≥19.4 | 83 (90.2%) | 9 (9.8%) | 3.0731 | 0.5412–57.9333 | 0.2340 |
| <19.4 | 28 (96.6%) | 1 (3.4%) | |||
| ASA classification | |||||
| ≥2 | 58 (89.2%) | 7 (10.8%) | 2.0920 | 0.5505–10.0919 | 0.5788 |
| 1 | 52 (94.5%) | 3 (5.5%) | |||
| Preoperative therapy | |||||
| Present | 50 (89.3%) | 6 (10.7%) | 1.8000 | 0.4873–7.3726 | 0.3773 |
| Absent | 60 (93.8%) | 4 (6.2%) | |||
| T classification | |||||
| T3, T4 | 36 (90%) | 4 (10%) | 1.3704 | 0.3329–5.1011 | 0.6448 |
| T0, T1a, T1b, T2 | 72 (92.3%) | 6 (7.7%) | |||
| Lymphatic node metastasis | |||||
| Present | 49 (87.5%) | 7 (12.5%) | 2.9048 | 0.7643–14.0202 | 0.1195 |
| Absent | 61 (95.3%) | 3 (4.7%) | |||
| Pathology | |||||
| Others | 12 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0.00013 | 0.0000–1.8782 | 0.1375 |
| SCC | 98 (90.7%) | 10 (9.3%) | |||
| Lymphatic invasion | |||||
| Present | 56 (88.9%) | 7 (11.1%) | 3.3124 | 0.7602–22.9017 | 0.1152 |
| Absent | 53 (96.4%) | 2 (3.6%) | |||
| Venous invasion | |||||
| Present | 37 (92.5%) | 2 (7.5%) | 0.5560 | 0.0802–2.4384 | 0.4582 |
| Absent | 72 (91.1%) | 7 (8.9%) | |||
| CEA (ng/µl) | |||||
| >5 | 27 (90%) | 3 (10%) | 1.3148 | 0.2631–5.3642 | 0.7160 |
| ≤5 | 71 (92.2%) | 6 (7.8%) | |||
| SCC (ng/dl) | |||||
| >1.5 | 20 (83.3%) | 4 (16.7%) | 2.8333 | 0.6722–10.8862 | 0.1473 |
| ≤1.5 | 85 (93.4%) | 6 (6.6%) | |||
| Alb (g/dl) | |||||
| <3.5 | 11 (91.7%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1.0000 | 0.0518–6.1171 | 1.0000 |
| ≥3.5 | 99 (91.7%) | 9 (8.3%) | |||
| CRP ( mg/dl) | |||||
| >0.5 | 26 (86.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | 2.1538 | 0.5178–8.1310 | 0.2748 |
| ≤0.5 | 84 (93.3%) | 6 (6.7%) | |||
| mGPS | |||||
| 1–2 | 31 (88.6%) | 4 (11.4%) | 1.6989 | 0.4110–6.3597 | 0.4436 |
| 0 | 79 (92.9%) | 6 (7.1%) | |||
| NLR | |||||
| >2.5 | 41 (85.4%) | 7 (14.6%) | 3.8130 | 0.9999–18.4563 | 0.0500 |
| ≤2.5 | 67 (95.7%) | 3 (4.3%) | |||
| Estimated blood loss (ml) | |||||
| >495 | 56 (93.3%) | 4 (6.7%) | 0.6429 | 0.1570–2.3740 | 0.5076 |
| ≤495 | 54 (90%) | 6 (10%) | |||
| Duration of operation (min) | |||||
| >551 | 52 (88.1%) | 7 (11.9%) | 2.6026 | 0.6851–12.5565 | 0.1637 |
| ≤551 | 58 (95.1%) | 3 (4.9%) | |||
| Approach of operation | |||||
| Thoracoscopic | 80 (92.0%) | 7 (8.0%) | 0.8750 | 0.2269–4.2605 | 0.8545 |
| Open | 30 (90.9%) | 3 (9.4%) | |||
| Lymphadenectomy | |||||
| Three-field | 60 (89.6%) | 7 (10.4%) | 1.9444 | 0.5115–9.3818 | 0.3378 |
| Two-field | 50 (94.3%) | 3 (5.7%) | |||
| Location of anastomosis | |||||
| Cervical | 65 (89.0%) | 8 (11.0%) | 2.7692 | 0.6565–18.9160 | 0.1757 |
| Intrathoracic | 45 (95.7%) | 2 (4.3%) | |||
| Route | |||||
| Retrosternal | 55 (91.7%) | 5 (8.3%) | 1.1919 | 0.2972–5.0011 | 0.8105 |
| Posterior mediastinal | 52 (92.9%) | 4 (7.1%) | |||
| Method of anastomosis | |||||
| End-to-side | 103 (92.0%) | 9 (8.0%) | 0.6117 | 0.0928–12.0783 | 0.6777 |
| End-to-end | 8 (88.9%) | 1 (11.1%) | |||
| ICG fluorescein imaging | |||||
| ICG (−) group | 52 (85.2%) | 9 (14.7%) | 10.0384 | 1.7969–188.2576 | 0.0057 |
| ICG (+) group | 58 (98.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | |||
AL anastomotic leak, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, ASA American society of anesthesiologists, SCC squamous cell carcinoma, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, SCC squamous cell carcinoma antigen, Alb albumin, CRP C-reactive protein, mGPS modified Glasgow prognosis score, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, ICG indocyanine green