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. 2017 Sep 14;8:639. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00639

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Copyright © 2017 Qie, Wen, Guo, Xu, Liu, Shen, Liu, Zhang, Cong and Ma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Methamphetamine-mediated induction of ER stress is activated by ROS and accelerates the damage to cells by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. (A) Markers of ER stress signals were detected by Western blot analysis after treatment with an ROS inhibitor and a scavenger. (B) Cytochrome c release after knockdown of CHOP. ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared with the control; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 compared with METH-treated cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three separate experiments performed in duplicate (n = 3).