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. 2017 Sep 14;9:297. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00297

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Copyright © 2017 Beach, Huck, Zhu and Bozoki.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Group level autonomic pain responses (HR in beats per minute, bpm). (A) Average HR changes from baseline (bpm) for each pressure intensity (kilograms, kg) among mild Alzheimer’s (mAD; black circles) and severe Alzheimer’s (sAD; gray triangles) patient sub-groups. Associated linear regression lines are superimposed, allowing for visualization of slope of change and intercept across stimulus levels. (B) HR response summary measures across pressure levels, including slope of change, intercept and mean response. Asterisk (*) indicates significant group difference at p ≤ 0.05. Plus (+) indicates marginal significance (p < 0.06). Error bars represent SEM.