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. 2017 Sep 14;8:697. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00697

Table 1.

List of linear and angle measurements used in this study.

Type Label Landmarks Description
Anterior-posterior 1-2 Length of nasal bone
2-3 Length of frontal bone
3-4 Length of parietal bone
4-5 Length of interparietal bone
5-6 Length of occipital bone
1-6 Skull length
2-6 Cranial length
1-25 Facial length
2-15 Anterior cranial base length
15-20 Posterior cranial base length
15-16 Length of pre-sphenoid bone
17-18 Length of basi-sphenoid bone
19-20 Length of basi-occipital bone
16-17 Length of ISS
18-19 Length of SOS
12-23 Length of upper jaw
Transversal 7(L)-7(R) Nasal width
8(L)-8(R) Anterior zygomatic width (facial width)
9(L)-9(R) Inter-orbital width
10(L)-10(R) Inter-zygomatic arches width
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0001.jpg 11(L)-11(R) Frontal width
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0002.jpg 13(L)-13(R) Anterior zygomatic width (skull width)
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0003.jpg 14(L)-14(R) Interparietal width
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0004.jpg 26-27 Width of ISS
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0005.jpg 28-29 Width of SOS
Vertical graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0006.jpg 2-24 Facial height
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0007.jpg 3-21 Anterior-cranial height
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0008.jpg 4-22 Mid-cranial height (skull height)
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0009.jpg 5-20 Posterior-cranial height
Mandible graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0010.jpg 30-31 Upper mandibular length
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0011.jpg 33-34 Lower mandibular length
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0012.jpg 30-34 Mandibular height
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0013.jpg 34(L)-34(R) Mandibular width
Angular graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0014.jpg 21-2-3 Rostral angle of cranium cavity
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0015.jpg 2-3-4 Anterior-middle cranial vault angle
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0016.jpg 3-4-5 Mid-posterior cranial vault angle
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0017.jpg 4-5-6 Posterior cranial vault angle
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0018.jpg 5-6-20 Caudal angle of cranium cavity
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0019.jpg 6-20-21 Cranial vault-cranial base angle
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0020.jpg 20-21-2 Cranial base angle
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0021.jpg 25-2-1 Snout angle
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0022.jpg 21-2-23 Cranium-maxilla angle
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0023.jpg 21-2-31 Cranium-mandible angle
graphic file with name fphys-08-00697-i0024.jpg 23-2-31 Maxilla-mandible angle