Table 1.
Type | Label | Landmarks | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Anterior-posterior | ① | 1-2 | Length of nasal bone |
② | 2-3 | Length of frontal bone | |
③ | 3-4 | Length of parietal bone | |
④ | 4-5 | Length of interparietal bone | |
⑤ | 5-6 | Length of occipital bone | |
⑥ | 1-6 | Skull length | |
⑦ | 2-6 | Cranial length | |
⑧ | 1-25 | Facial length | |
⑨ | 2-15 | Anterior cranial base length | |
⑩ | 15-20 | Posterior cranial base length | |
⑪ | 15-16 | Length of pre-sphenoid bone | |
⑫ | 17-18 | Length of basi-sphenoid bone | |
⑬ | 19-20 | Length of basi-occipital bone | |
⑭ | 16-17 | Length of ISS | |
⑮ | 18-19 | Length of SOS | |
⑯ | 12-23 | Length of upper jaw | |
Transversal | ⑰ | 7(L)-7(R) | Nasal width |
⑱ | 8(L)-8(R) | Anterior zygomatic width (facial width) | |
⑲ | 9(L)-9(R) | Inter-orbital width | |
⑳ | 10(L)-10(R) | Inter-zygomatic arches width | |
11(L)-11(R) | Frontal width | ||
13(L)-13(R) | Anterior zygomatic width (skull width) | ||
14(L)-14(R) | Interparietal width | ||
26-27 | Width of ISS | ||
28-29 | Width of SOS | ||
Vertical | 2-24 | Facial height | |
3-21 | Anterior-cranial height | ||
4-22 | Mid-cranial height (skull height) | ||
5-20 | Posterior-cranial height | ||
Mandible | 30-31 | Upper mandibular length | |
33-34 | Lower mandibular length | ||
30-34 | Mandibular height | ||
34(L)-34(R) | Mandibular width | ||
Angular | 21-2-3 | Rostral angle of cranium cavity | |
2-3-4 | Anterior-middle cranial vault angle | ||
3-4-5 | Mid-posterior cranial vault angle | ||
4-5-6 | Posterior cranial vault angle | ||
5-6-20 | Caudal angle of cranium cavity | ||
6-20-21 | Cranial vault-cranial base angle | ||
20-21-2 | Cranial base angle | ||
25-2-1 | Snout angle | ||
21-2-23 | Cranium-maxilla angle | ||
21-2-31 | Cranium-mandible angle | ||
23-2-31 | Maxilla-mandible angle |