Table 1. Demographic Information of Subjects.
| HC (n=44) | non-RC BD-I (n=34) | RC BD-I (n=16) | F/X2 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.4±13.4 | 36.8±13.7 | 33.5±8.4 | 0.37 | 0.69 |
| Gender | 20M+24F | 12M+22F | 9M+7F | 2.01 | 0.36 |
| Education (years) | 16.6±3.8 | 14.2±2.4 | 14.5±2.4 | 5.97 | 0.004 |
| YMRS | 0.4±0.7 | 5.0±5.7 | 5.4±4.3 | 16.81 | <0.001 |
| HAM-D | 0.4±0.9 | 12.8±8.7 | 13.5±10.1 | 39.41 | <0.001 |
| Duration as BD-I | — | 8.7±8.7 | 6.6±5.6 | 0.69 | 0.41 |
| Duration as any mood disorder | — | 15.2±11.1 | 11.4±10.8 | 1.10 | 0.30 |
| Current mood | 1.164a | 0.762a | |||
| Euthymic | — | 8 (23.5%) | 4 (25.0%) | ||
| Depressed | — | 21 (61.8%) | 8 (50.0%) | ||
| Manic | — | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (6.3%) | ||
| Mixed | — | 2 (5.9%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Missing | 2 (5.9%) | 1 (6.3%) | |||
| Current medication | |||||
| Lithium | — | 3 (8.8%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.279 | 0.597 |
| Antidepressant | — | 6 (17.6%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.067 | 0.796 |
| Anticonvulsant | — | 7 (20.6%) | 4 (25.0%) | 0.297 | 0.586 |
| Benzodiazepines | — | 6 (17.6%) | 4 (25.0%) | 0.633 | 0.426 |
| Not on medication | — | 21 (61.8%) | 8 (50.0%) | 0.175 | 0.675 |
Abbreviations: BD, bipolar disorder; HC, healthy control; RC, rapid cycling; HAM-D, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale.
a
χ2-test for the distribution of mood status between non-RC and RC BD-I patients.