Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of factors associated with overall survival in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors in the cohort study and after propensity score matching
| Entire cohort (n = 1795) | Propensity score matching (n = 1340) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
| Overall survival HR (95% CI) | P | Overall survival HR (95% CI) | P | Overall survival HR (95% CI) | P | Overall survival HR (95% CI) | P | |
| EQD2Gy (>32.5 Gy vs. = 32.5 Gy) | 0.758 (0.686–0.837) | 0.000 | 0.837 (0.753–0.929) | 0.001 | 0.813 (0.758–0.914) | 0.000 | 0.887 (0.737–0.951) | 0.011 |
| Age (≥60 years vs. <60 years) | 1.297 (1.176–1.429) | 0.000 | 0.995 (0.871–1.137) | 0.942 | 1.186 (1.052–1.312) | 0.003 | 0.972 (0.846–1.145) | 0.837 |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 0.721 (0.654–0.795) | 0.000 | 1.205 (1.103–1.411) | 0.003 | 1.326 (1.118–1.497) | 0.000 | 1.185 (1.088–1.375) | 0.013 |
| Symptoms | ||||||||
| Absence of symptomsversus pain | 0.758 (0.620–0.928) | 0.007 | 0.790 (0.644–0.968) | 0.023 | 0.864 (0.694–1.038) | 0.061 | 0.910 (0.767–1.186) | 0.117 |
| Absence of symptomsversus Neurologicaldeficits | 0.809 (0.714–0.916) | 0.001 | 0.833 (0.735–0.944) | 0.004 | 0.805 (0.702–0.911) | 0.000 | 0.813 (0.714–0.929) | 0.002 |
| Site of bonemetastases (spinalvs. nonspinal) | 1.152 (1.038–1.278) | 0.008 | 1.013 (0.900–1.141) | 0.803 | 1.026 (0.916–1.150) | 0.652 | 1.004 (0.892–1.132) | 0.943 |
| Performance status(ECOG 0/1 vs. ≥2) | 0.795 (0.722–0.876) | 0.000 | 0.738 (0.663–0.821) | 0.000 | 0.822 (0.731–0.924) | 0.001 | 0.777 (0.692–0.872) | 0.000 |
| Location of primary cancer | ||||||||
| Urinary tract versuslung | 1.156 (1.031–1.296) | 0.013 | 0.932 (0.886–0.973) | 0.023 | 1.117 (0.971–1.271) | 0.192 | 1.133 (0.977–1.316) | 0.201 |
| Breast versus lung | 0.695 (0.602–0.802) | 0.000 | 0.601 (0.526–0.707) | 0.000 | 0.675 (0.510–0.790) | 0.000 | 0.611 (0.502–0.745) | 0.000 |
| Others versus lung | 0.456 (0.388–0.536) | 0.000 | 0.591 (0.497–0.716) | 0.000 | 0.466 (0.394–0.550) | 0.000 | 0.589 (0.486–0.712) | 0.000 |
| Time to metastases(>1 year vs. ≤1 year) | 0.735 (0.661–0.818) | 0.000 | 1.112 (0.981–1.260) | 0.098 | 0.712 (0.641–0.812) | 0.000 | 0.882 (0.722–0.974) | 0.039 |
| Metastases to >1 site(no vs. yes) | 0.572 (0.507–0.645) | 0.000 | 0.568 (0.501–0.643) | 0.000 | 0.509 (0.436–0.671) | 0.000 | 0.489 (0.412–0.644) | 0.000 |
| Comorbidities (yes vs.no) | 1.029 (0.932–1.135) | 0.571 | 1.045 (0.933–1.171) | 0.446 | 0.956 (0.814–1.107) | 0.376 | 1.009 (0.952–1.137) | 0.783 |
| Systemic therapy (yesvs. no) | 0.695 (0.631–0.766) | 0.000 | 0.676 (0.604–0.756) | 0.000 | 0.688 (0.617–0.751) | 0.000 | 0.653 (0.601–0.718) | 0.000 |
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Low‐wage employedversus high‐wageemployed | 1.280 (1.117–1.467) | 0.000 | 0.910 (0.781–1.061) | 0.229 | 0.937 (0.887–1.135) | 0.246 | 0.978 (0.899–1.103) | 0.456 |
| Unemployed versushigh‐wageemployed | 1.142 (1.007–1.295) | 0.039 | 1.019 (0.899–1.168) | 0.788 | 1.158 (0.987–1.293) | 0.071 | 1.012 (0.872–1.203) | 0.569 |
| Education level (highvs. low) | 0.768 (0.696–0.846) | 0.000 | 1.101 (0.983–1.134) | 0.131 | 0.811 (0.727–0.909) | 0.000 | 1.086 (0.954–1.235) | 0.213 |
| Place of residence(rural vs. urban) | 1.040 (0.944–1.146) | 0.423 | 1.021 (0.915–1.138) | 0.714 | 1.061 (0.949–1.187) | 0.372 | 0.971 (0.864–1.091) | 0.639 |
| Cigarette smoking(yes vs. no) | 1.320 (1.197–1.456) | 0.000 | 0.946 (0.819–1.093) | 0.450 | 1.345 (1.202–1.506) | 0.000 | 0.968 (0.823–1.137) | 0.732 |
| Betel quid chewing(yes vs. no) | 1.407 (1.215–1.630) | 0.000 | 0.819 (0.679–0.988) | 0.037 | 1.387 (1.165–1.647) | 0.000 | 1.241 (1.016–1.515) | 0.019 |
| Alcohol drinking(yes vs. no) | 1.263 (1.131–1.411) | 0.000 | 1.010 (0.871–1.171) | 0.0894 | 1.326 (1.170–1.503) | 0.000 | 1.022 (0.870–1.135) | 0.697 |
RT, radiotherapy; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; EQD2Gy, equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.