Figure 3.

Differential vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated innate immune response to toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/1 elicitation, with or without in vitro 1,25(OH)₂D₃ supplementation. The error bar plots show mean levels for VDR mRNA (A), VDR protein (B), CAMP mRNA (C), hCAP-18 peptide (D), and CYP24A1 mRNA (E), for healthy South Africans (n = 100). Gene expression (mRNA) was quantified by RT-qPCR and protein or peptide level by flow cytometry. Significant treatment effects are shown (***P < 0.001). All significant differences were maintained after Bonferroni correction. Error bars show the least significant difference at P < 0.050.