Table 1.
Unadjusted demographic and baseline characteristics.
| Characteristic | ATV, n = 1529 | Non-ATVa, n = 7971 | Other PIb, n = 2053 | NNRTIc, n = 5307 | INSTId, n = 611 |
| Age (years) | 50 ± 9.6 | 50 ± 10 | 50 ± 9.4 | 50 ± 10 | 50 ± 13 |
| Men | 1471 (96.2) | 7356 (92.3) | 1762 (85.8) | 5015 (94.5) | 579 (94.8) |
| Married | 101 (6.6) | 623 (7.8) | 140 (6.8) | 419 (7.9) | 64 (10.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 463 (30.3) | 2441 (30.6) | 600 (29.2) | 1627 (30.7) | 214 (35.0) |
| Black | 929 (60.8) | 4419 (55.4) | 1024 (49.9) | 3078 (58.0) | 317 (51.9) |
| Hispanic | 76 (5.0) | 482 (6.0) | 125 (6.1) | 312 (5.9) | 45 (7.4) |
| Asian | 9 (0.6) | 64 (0.8) | 16 (0.8) | 38 (0.7) | 10 (1.6) |
| Other | 11 (0.7) | 43 (0.5) | 7 (0.3) | 33 (0.6) | 3 (0.5) |
| Missing | 41 (2.7) | 523 (6.6) | 281 (13.7) | 220 (4.1) | 22 (3.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 ± 9.6 | 26 ± 10.0 | 25 ± 9.4 | 26 ± 10.0 | 27 ± 13.0 |
| CD4+ cell count (cells/μl) | |||||
| <200 | 441 (28.8) | 2119 (26.6) | 602 (29.3) | 1401 (26.4) | 116 (19.0) |
| 200–299 | 233 (15.2) | 1186 (14.9) | 245 (11.9) | 869 (16.4) | 72 (11.8) |
| 300–399 | 183 (12.0) | 976 (12.2) | 183 (8.9) | 720 (13.6) | 73 (11.9) |
| 400–499 | 97 (6.3) | 633 (7.9) | 101 (4.9) | 470 (8.9) | 62 (10.1) |
| ≥500 | 194 (12.7) | 1154 (14.5) | 257 (12.5) | 739 (13.9) | 158 (25.9) |
| Missing | 381 (24.9) | 1904 (23.9) | 665 (32.4) | 1109 (20.9) | 130 (21.3) |
| HIV RNA (copies/ml) | |||||
| <10 000 | 505 (33.0) | 2371 (29.7) | 617 (30.1) | 1521 (28.7) | 233 (38.1) |
| 10 000–100 000 | 441 (28.8) | 2207 (27.7) | 421 (20.5) | 1610 (30.3) | 176 (28.8) |
| >100 000 | 275 (18.0) | 1489 (18.7) | 366 (17.8) | 1015 (19.1) | 108 (17.7) |
| Missing | 308 (20.1) | 1905 (23.9) | 649 (31.6) | 1162 (21.9) | 94 (15.4) |
| eGFR (ml/min) | |||||
| Stage 1, ≥90 | 477 (31.2) | 2332 (29.3) | 365 (17.8) | 1839 (34.7) | 128 (20.9) |
| Stage 2, 60–89 | 316 (20.7) | 1467 (18.4) | 238 (11.6) | 1169 (22.0) | 60 (9.8) |
| Stage 3, 30–59 | 42 (2.7) | 156 (2.0) | 21 (1.0) | 131 (2.5) | 4 (0.7) |
| Stage 4, 15–29 | 1 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Stage 5, <15 | 5 (0.3) | 58 (0.7) | 24 (1.2) | 34 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Missing | 688 (45.0) | 3953 (49.6) | 1402 (68.3) | 2132 (40.2) | 419 (68.6) |
| Comorbid medical diagnoses | |||||
| Alcohol abuse | 358 (23.4) | 1728 (21.7) | 401 (19.5) | 1173 (22.1) | 154 (25.2) |
| Angina | 17 (1.1) | 102 (1.3) | 20 (1.0) | 73 (1.4) | 9 (1.5) |
| Bone disease | 10 (0.7) | 61 (0.8) | 13 (0.6) | 42 (0.8) | 6 (1.0) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 132 (8.6) | 655 (8.2) | 174 (8.5) | 402 (7.6) | 79 (12.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus diagnosis | 203 (13.3) | 1057 (13.3) | 238 (11.6) | 707 (13.3) | 112 (18.3) |
| Dyslipidemia diagnosis | 214 (14.0) | 1189 (14.9) | 248 (12.1) | 790 (14.9) | 151 (24.7) |
| Heart failure diagnosis | 34 (2.2) | 256 (3.2) | 52 (2.5) | 171 (3.2) | 33 (5.4) |
| History of CAD/CVD | 149 (9.7) | 841 (10.6) | 185 (9.0) | 576 (10.9) | 80 (13.1) |
| Hypertension diagnosis | 533 (34.9) | 2795 (35.1) | 597 (29.1) | 1931 (36.4) | 267 (43.7) |
| Illicit drug abuse | 211 (13.8) | 891 (11.2) | 224 (10.9) | 600 (11.3) | 67 (11.0) |
| Myocardial infarction | 9 (0.6) | 42 (0.5) | 8 (0.4) | 31 (0.6) | 3 (0.5) |
| PCI/CABG | 2 (0.1) | 20 (0.3) | 3 (0.1) | 16 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) |
| Psychiatric disorder | 674 (44.1) | 2960 (37.1) | 741 (36.1) | 1891 (35.6) | 328 (53.7) |
| Stroke | 15 (1.0) | 89 (1.1) | 22 (1.1) | 52 (1.0) | 15 (2.5) |
| Tobacco use | 432 (28.3) | 2247 (28.2) | 489 (23.8) | 1541 (29.0) | 217 (35.5) |
| Tuberculosis | 18 (1.2) | 101 (1.3) | 26 (1.3) | 70 (1.3) | 5 (0.8) |
| Viral hepatitis diagnosis | 486 (31.8) | 2128 (26.7) | 570 (27.8) | 1400 (26.4) | 158 (25.9) |
| Concomitant medications | |||||
| Abacavir (in index regimen) | 319 (20.9) | 980 (12.3) | 395 (19.2) | 453 (8.5) | 132 (21.6) |
| Antidiabetic agentse | 145 (9.5) | 822 (10.3) | 177 (8.6) | 553 (10.4) | 92 (15.1) |
| Heart failure treatments | 79 (5.2) | 490 (6.1) | 110 (5.4) | 332 (6.3) | 48 (7.9) |
| Hypertension treatments | 540 (35.3) | 2842 (35.7) | 608 (29.6) | 1969 (37.1) | 265 (43.4) |
| Methadone | 30 (2.0) | 104 (1.3) | 30 (1.5) | 68 (1.3) | 6 (1.0) |
| Other dyslipidemia treatment | 183 (12.0) | 1098 (13.8) | 213 (10.4) | 751 (14.2) | 134 (21.9) |
| Statins | 147 (9.6) | 949 (11.9) | 171 (8.3) | 650 (12.2) | 128 (20.9) |
| Viral hepatitis treatments | 139 (9.1) | 470 (5.9) | 204 (9.9) | 235 (4.4) | 31 (5.1) |
Data are mean ± SD or n (%). ATV, atazanavir; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PI, protease inhibitor.
aNon-ATV includes all other study antiretroviral therapies, including darunavir, lopinavir, saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, fosamprenavir, tipranavir, efavirenz, rilpivirine, nevirapine, raltegravir, elvitegravir, and dolutegravir.
bOther PI includes darunavir, lopinavir, saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, fosamprenavir, and tipranavir.
cNNRTI includes efavirenz, rilpivirine, and nevirapine.
dINSTI includes raltegravir, elvitegravir, and dolutegravir.
eOral or injectable.