Table 1.
Bivariate associations with Physical Activity (PA)
| Total sample N = 474,768 (n = 4020) CI = 405,872 - 543,663 |
High PA N = 213,443 (n = 1623) CI = 177,470 – 249,415 |
Low PA N = 261,324 (n = 2397) CI = 222,873 – 299,776 |
χ 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 50.5% (48.0% – 52.9%) | 40.7% (38.0% – 43.6%) | 58.4% (55.0% – 61.8%) | 80.44*** |
| Male | 49.5% (47.1%–52.0%) | 59.3% (56.4%– 62.0%) | 41.6% (38.2% – 45.0%) | |
| Age | ||||
| < 16 years | 40.5% (33.6% – 47.8%) | 43.3% (35.5% – 51.4%) | 38.2% (31.6% – 45.4%) | 4.88* |
| ≥ 16 years | 59.5% (52.2% – 66.4%) | 56.7% (48.6% – 64.5%) | 61.8% (54.6% – 68.4%) | |
| Race | ||||
| Non–Hispanic white | 70.9% (63.5% – 77.3%) | 75.7% (69.1% – 81.2%) | 67.0% (58.5% – 74.5%) | 17.77*** |
| Non–Hispanic black | 15.2% (10.6% – 21.4%) | 12.3% (8.2% – 17.9%) | 17.6% (12.2% – 24.7%) | 9.61** |
| Hispanic | 8.4% (6.2% – 11.3%) | 6.9% (4.9% – 9.6%) | 9.6% (7.1% – 13.0%) | 11.68*** |
| Asian | 2.4% (1.8% – 3.2%) | 1.6% (1.0% –2.6%) | 3.0% (2.2% – 4.1%) | 7.25** |
| Other | 3.1% (2.6% – 3.8%) | 3.5% (2.6% – 4.7%) | 2.8% (2.2% – 3.5%) | 1.54 |
| Academic achievement | ||||
| Earned mostly A’s & B’s | 82.8% (79.3% – 85.7%) | 85.2% (81.2%– 88.5%) | 80.8% (77.0% – 84.1%) | 6.34* |
| Overweight/obese | 29.5% (27.2% – 32.0%) | 25.3% (22.6% – 28.2%) | 33.1% (30.3% – 36.0%) | 23.62*** |
| Environmental level variables | ||||
| Dataset (PA State vs. Philadelphia City) | ||||
| Philadelphia City | 5.0% (3.9% – 6.3%) | 3.6% (2.8% – 4.6%) | 6.1% (4.7% – 7.8%) | 34.26*** |
| Perceived safety | ||||
| Rarely/never feel safe | 7.6% (6.1% – 9.4%) | 5.9% (4.6% – 7.7%) | 8.9% (7.1% – 11.1%) | 19.35*** |
| Health related variables | ||||
| ≥ 4 h screen time/day | 51.7% (48.7% – 54.6%) | 45.1% (40.8% – 49.3%) | 57.1% (53.3% – 60.8%) | 19.34*** |
| ≥ 1 day PE/week | 58.6% (50.7% – 66.1%) | 65.3% (56.9% – 72.7%) | 53.2% (45.0% – 61.2%) | 23.20*** |
| ≥ 1 sports teams | 60.9% (57.9% – 63.8%) | 79.4% (76.1% – 82.4%) | 45.8% (42.6% – 49.0%) | 258.78*** |
| ≥ 8 h sleep/night | 25.6% (23.4% – 27.9%) | 28.8% (25.7% – 32.0%) | 23.1% (20.6% – 25.7%) | 9.78** |
| Current alcohol use | 30.6% (27.7% – 33.7%) | 31.0% (27.4% – 34.9%) | 30.3% (26.7% – 34.1%) | 0.12 |
| Current cigarette use | 11.9% (9.7% – 14.6%) | 11.8% (9.1% – 15.2%) | 12.6% (9.4% – 15.3%) | 0.02 |
| ≥ 2 servings fruit/day | 28.9% (26.5% – 31.3%) | 36.3% (33.0% – 39.7%) | 22.8% (20.6% – 25.2%) | 84.88*** |
| ≥ 3 servings veg/day | 10.5% (8.8% – 12.4%) | 15.2% (12.2% – 18.7%) | 6.6% (5.2% – 8.4%) | 31.43*** |
The association between each dichotomous independent variable and the dichotomous outcomes of physical activity (column 3 & 4) was examined using chi–square test of independence
*p ≤ .05 **p ≤ .01 ***p ≤ .001