Table 2.
Study Outcomes
| Outcome | Smartphone Application | No Intervention | Mean Difference | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intention to Treat Analyses (Multiple Imputation) | ||||
| Mean overall score (points) (SD) | 56.1 ± 14.5 | 52.2 ± 10.3 | 3.5 | 0.221 |
| Absolute change in overall score (points) (SD) | 14.5 ± 8.9 | 9.4 ± 11.6 | 5.0 | 0.031 |
| Mean total time (minutes) (SD) | 62.2 ± 20.4 | 70.8 ± 21.3 | 8.5 | 0.082 |
| Mean time per question (seconds) (SD) | 41.2 ± 14.5 | 46.9 ± 13.6 | 5.7 | 0.082 |
| Complete-Case Analyses | ||||
| Mean overall score (points) (SD) | 56.1 ± 12.9 | 52.2 ± 9.4 | 3.9 | 0.172 |
| Absolute change in overall score (points) (SD) | 14.6 ± 7.4 | 9.6 ± 10.5 | 5.0 | 0.032 |
| Mean total time (minutes) (SD) | 61.5 ± 19.7 | 71.5 ± 18.7 | 10.0 | 0.042 |
| Mean time per question (seconds) (SD) | 41.0 ± 13.2 | 47.7 ± 12.5 | 6.7 | 0.042 |
SD Standard Deviation
1Estimates obtained by pooling results across 20 multiply imputed data sets
2Student’s T Test