Table 1.
Descriptive statistics on seedling root traits in the ‘pouch and wick’ system in a growth chamber in 2014 as well as yield, yield components and phenology in field trials during 2012 and 2013 for the recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population of Forno (F) × Oberkulmer (O)
| Trait | Year | Parental lines |
RILs |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | O | P-value | Mean (min; max) | P-value | s.e.d.* | ||
| Seedling root traits (n = 20) | |||||||
| Seminal root number | 2014 | 3·6 | 4·2 | <0·01 | 3·9 (3·0; 4·7) | <0·001 | 0·3 |
| Seminal root length (mm) | 2014 | 128 | 143 | <0·01 | 148 (118; 186) | <0·001 | 12 |
| Total root length (mm) | 2014 | 502 | 604 | <0·01 | 577 (404; 766) | <0·001 | 55 |
| Maximum width (mm) | 2014 | 94 | 72 | <0·001 | 86 (49; 127) | <0·001 | 16 |
| Maximum depth (mm) | 2014 | 150 | 165 | >0·05 | 174 (125; 215) | <0·001 | 13 |
| Width to depth ratio | 2014 | 0·66 | 0·44 | <0·001 | 0·51 (0·28; 0·80) | <0·001 | 0·10 |
| Tip angle of seminal root (°) | 2014 | 32·3 | 22·3 | <0·001 | 29·9 (18·1; 41·1) | <0·001 | 3·6 |
| Emergence angle of seminal root (°) | 2014 | 25·6 | 21·2 | <0·01 | 23·9 (16·7; 35·4) | <0·001 | 3·1 |
| Yield traits (n = 3 in each year) | |||||||
| Machine-harvested yield (t ha–1) | 2012 | 7·37 | 5·28 | <0·01 | 5·01 (2·62; 7·75) | <0·001 | 0·58 |
| 2013 | 9·56 | 5·60 | <0·01 | 6·42 (3·74; 10·39) | <0·001 | 0·97 | |
| Grains m–2 | 2012 | 20 296 | 12 393 | <0·01 | 12 478 (7244; 18 937) | <0·001 | 1309 |
| 2013 | 19 367 | 12 519 | <0·01 | 14 420 (8720; 24 864) | <0·001 | 2086 | |
| Spikes m–2 | 2012 | 726 | 472 | <0·01 | 545 (392; 848) | <0·001 | 77 |
| 2013 | 480 | 468 | >0·05 | 449 (300; 628) | <0·001 | 54 | |
| Grains per spike | 2012 | 40 | 33 | >0·05 | 37 (24; 51) | <0·001 | 4·6 |
| 2013 | 38 | 36 | >0·05 | 40 (26; 54) | <0·001 | 2·8 | |
| 2014† | 32 | 30 | >0·05 | 31 (17; 48) | <0·001 | 6 | |
| Thousand grain weight (g) | 2012 | 34·9 | 43·1 | <0·01 | 39·9 (31·9; 48·8) | <0·001 | 1·7 |
| 2013 | 48·5 | 43·9 | <0·01 | 45·0 (34·9; 53·6) | <0·001 | 1·3 | |
| 2014† | 52·5 | 47·5 | >0·05 | 47·3 (33·5; 58·8) | <0·001 | 4·4 | |
| Biomass m–2 (above-ground, g) | 2012 | 1765 | 1443 | >0·05 | 1570 (1018; 1914) | <0·05 | 182 |
| 2013 | 1719 | 1914 | >0·05 | 1829 (1391; 2428) | <0·001 | 249 | |
| Phenology (n = 3 in each year) | |||||||
| GS31 (onset of stem elongation, °Cd) | 2012 | 1184 | 1239 | <0·01 | 1214 (1175; 1267) | <0·001 | 20 |
| 2013 | 872 | 904 | <0·05 | 906 (843; 953) | <0·001 | 15 | |
| GS39 (full flag leaf emergence, °Cd) | 2012 | 1606 | 1672 | <0·01 | 1648 (1606; 1672) | <0·001 | 10 |
| 2013 | 1174 | 1228 | <0·01 | 1204 (1163; 1253) | <0·001 | 9 | |
| GS61 (anthesis, °Cd) | 2012 | 1876 | 1916 | <0·01 | 1900 (1840; 1944) | <0·001 | 9 |
| 2013 | 1442 | 1509 | <0·01 | 1485 (1434; 1547) | <0·001 | 9 | |
| GS92 (maturity, °Cd) | 2012 | 2658 | 2661 | >0·05 | 2680 (2553; 2811) | <0·001 | 27 |
| 2013 | 2066 | 2212 | <0·01 | 2106 (1975; 2268) | <0·001 | 30 | |
| GS31−GS39 (°Cd) | 2012 | 422 | 433 | >0·05 | 434 (389; 497) | <0·001 | 21 |
| 2013 | 302 | 324 | >0·05 | 298 (246; 358) | <0·001 | 18 | |
| GS39−GS61 (°Cd) | 2012 | 270 | 244 | <0·05 | 252 (209; 293) | <0·001 | 12 |
| 2013 | 268 | 281 | >0·05 | 281 (248; 320) | <0·001 | 12 | |
| GS31−GS61 (°Cd) | 2012 | 692 | 677 | >0·05 | 686 (628; 753) | <0·001 | 23 |
| 2013 | 570 | 605 | <0·05 | 579 (530; 652) | <0·001 | 17 | |
| GS61−GS92 (°Cd) | 2012 | 782 | 745 | >0·05 | 780 (658; 902) | <0·001 | 24 |
| 2013 | 624 | 703 | <0·01 | 622 (515; 753) | <0·001 | 28 | |
*
s.e.d., standard error of the difference;
†
Glasshouse experiment in 2014 (n = 3).