Fig. 3.

Wood and pith anatomical characters optimized on the empirical trees of the full Nepenthes trnK-matK produced in BEAST. Wood characters include (A) silica presence, (B) axial parenchyma distribution and (C) presence of septate fibres. The pith characters (D), lignification and medullary bundle presence, are combined in one map with black diagonal bands laid over lignification-keyed colour. Mature wood specimens are indicated with *. Posterior support values generated by BEAST analyses indicated for bpp ≥0·90 with † and for bpp threshold 0·80 with ‡. The scale bar is in units of substitutions/site.