Fig. 4.

Wood and pith anatomical characters optimized on the empirical trees of the full Nepenthes nrITS produced in BEAST. Wood characters include (A) silica presence, (B) axial parenchyma distribution and (C) presence of septate fibres. The pith characters (D), lignification and medullary bundle presence, are combined in one map with black diagonal bands laid over lignification-keyed colour. Mature wood specimens are indicated with *. Support values generated by BEAST analyses are indicated for threshold bpp ≥0·90 with †. The scale bar is in units of substitutions/site.