Fig. 1. Meloidogyne graminicola penetration in rice roots (Oryza sativa ‘Nipponbare’ and Oryza glaberrima TOG5681) at 1 or 7 dpi. (A) Light microscope photographs of nematode juveniles after fuchsin staining of infested rice roots. Bar indicates 1 mm. (B) Mean nematode number in rice roots after plant inoculation with 400 second-stage juveniles (J2). Bars are the mean numbers (± s.d.) of nematodes per plant in three independent biological replicates, with 20 plants per condition (n = 5;3). Stars indicate statistical differences determined by one-way ANOVA (**P < 0·01; *P < 0·5, n = 5).