Fig 3. Monk parakeet reports in time and space.

Text labels and colored bubbles indicate reports of Monk Parakeets in cities during particular years; text labels indicate a report in the scientific literature, and is linked to the citation (see below), while bubbles indicate citizen science reporting (colored by region and log-scaled by number of reports made in a particular city in a particular year). For both citation text labels and citizen science bubbles, the location at which they are plotted indicates the city and year in which observations occurred. Thus, Monk Parakeets may have been reported in just the scientific literature in a city during a year (only text label), reported in just the citizen science database (only colored bubble), reported in both the scientific literature and by citizen scientists (text label and bubble), or not reported at all (blank). Each text label corresponds to a particular citation in the scientific literature, as follows: A [41], B [42] (not plotted, lack of information about observation), C [43], D [44], E [45], F [46], G [47], H [48], I [49], J [50], K [51] (not plotted, year of sightings is unclear), L [52], M [53], N [54], O [55], P [56], Q [57], R [58], S [59] (not plotted, year of observation not specified), T [60] (not plotted, years of study listed as 2009–2015, but years of parakeet observations not specified), U [61]. The grey vertical line indicates the year the ban on pet trade of native parrots was passed.