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. 2017 Sep 19;12(9):e0185194. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185194

Fig 1. Replication of the M-segment minigenomes of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV), Arumowot virus (AMTV), and Gouleako goukovirus (GOLV) in relation to co-expression of RVFV N and L proteins.

Fig 1

(A) Schematics of panhandle sequence of M-segments of RVFV, AMTV, and GOLV. (B–D) BHK/T7-9 cells were transfected with plasmids expressing the RVFV-M-rLuc(-) (M-segment minigenome RNA of RVFV) (B), AMTV-M-rLuc(-) (M-segment minigenome RNA of AMTV) (C), or GOLV-M-rLuc(-) (M-segment minigenome RNA of GOLV) (D), and those expressing N and/or L proteins derived from either RVFV or AMTV. The ratio of Renilla luciferase (rLuc) activities to firefly luciferase (fLuc) activities derived from pT7-IRES-fLuc (control plasmid) was shown as percentage: i.e., the same type of minigenome without N and L expression was set as 100%. Bars represent means plus standard errors. Asterisks on error bars represent statistically significant increases compared to samples expressing minigenome only (One-way ANOVA **p < 0.01). Samples expressing minigenome, N proteins, and L proteins were also statistically compared with those expressing minigenome, and L proteins. ns, not significant. (E) Northern blot using total RNA derived from the GOLV minigenome assay (top panels) or AMTV minigenome assay (bottom panels). Sense rLuc probe (left panels) and antisense rLuc probe (right panels) were utilized.