Table 3.
Univariate analysis of the CT features and DPC4 gene expression in the total 163 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
| Variable | DPC4-expression (n = 75) | DPC4-non-expression (n = 88) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumour size (mm) | Longest axial diameter | 29.0 ± 12.2 | 28.4 ± 9.9 | 0.738 |
| Tumour location | Head | 48 (64.0%) | 64 (72.7%) | 0.231 |
| Body/tail | 27 (36.0%) | 24 (27.3%) | ||
| Tumour homogeneity | Homogeneous | 13 (17.3%) | 11 (12.5%) | 0.385 |
| Heterogeneous | 62 (82.7%) | 77 (87.5%) | ||
| Tumour marginsa | Well defined | 36 (55.4%) | 32 (37.6%) | 0.031 |
| Ill defined | 29 (44.6%) | 53 (62.4%) | ||
| IPMN background | Presence | 10 (13.3%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0.020 |
| Absence | 65 (86.7%) | 85 (96.6%) | ||
| Intratumoural calcification | Presence | 3 (4.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.239 |
| Absence | 72 (96.0%) | 87 (98.9%) | ||
| Pancreatic duct dilatation | Presence | 54 (72.0%) | 68 (77.3%) | 0.439 |
| Absence | 21 (28.0%) | 20 (22.7%) | ||
| Upstream atrophy | Presence | 19 (25.3%) | 26 (29.5%) | 0.549 |
| Absence | 56 (74.7%) | 62 (70.5%) | ||
| Bile duct dilatation | Presence | 36 (48.0%) | 47 (53.4%) | 0.491 |
| Absence | 39 (52.0%) | 41 (46.6%) | ||
| Peripancreatic infiltration | Presence | 61 (81.3%) | 83 (94.3%) | 0.010 |
| Absence | 14 (18.7%) | 5 (5.7%) | ||
| Organ invasion | Presence | 15 (20.0%) | 9 (10.2%) | 0.079 |
| Absence | 60 (80.0%) | 79 (89.8%) | ||
| Artery invasion | Presence | 23 (30.7%) | 35 (39.8%) | 0.226 |
| Absence | 52 (69.3%) | 53 (60.2%) | ||
| Vein invasion | Presence | 23 (30.7%) | 32 (36.4%) | 0.443 |
| Absence | 52 (69.3%) | 56 (63.6%) | ||
| Lymph node enlargements | Presence | 39 (52.0%) | 40 (45.5%) | 0.405 |
| Absence | 36 (48.0%) | 48 (54.5%) | ||
| Arterial-phase densityb | Hypodensity | 69 (95.8%) | 74 (94.9%) | 0.780 |
| Isodensity | 3 (4.2%) | 4 (5.1%) | ||
| Hyperdensity | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Portal-phase density | Hypodensity | 69 (94.5%) | 82 (93.2%) | 0.726 |
| Isodensity | 4 (5.5%) | 6 (6.8%) | ||
| Hyperdensity | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Arterial enhancement ratio (%)b | 0.60 ± 0.16 | 0.56 ± 0.16 | 0.225 | |
| Portal enhancement ratio (%) | 0.64 ± 0.17 | 0.65 ± 0.17 | 0.715 | |
IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.
a
Tumour margin was evaluated in 150 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas because 13 adenocarcinomas with an IPMN in the background parenchyma could not be evaluated.
b
Arterial-phase density was assessed in 150 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas due to the unavailability of arterial-phase images in 13 adenocarcinomas. The arterial enhancement ratio and arterial/portal enhancement ratio were calculated in 150 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.