Table 2.
Included BADE, BACE, and LA Studies, Comparisons, and Effect-Size Measures
| Source | Comparisona | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SD/HC | SD/SND | SND/HC | PD/HC | SD/PD | SD/PND | PD/PND | PND/HC | |
| Woodward et al15,c | g b | g | g | |||||
| Woodward et al2 | g | g | g | |||||
| Woodward et al28 | g | g | g | g | g | |||
| Veckenstedt et al70 | g | g | g | g | g | |||
| Riccaboni et al71,d | r | |||||||
| Eifler et al29 | g | g | g | |||||
| Sanford et al3 | g | g | g | g | g | |||
| Speechley et al17 | g | g | g | g | g | |||
| BADE | ||||||||
| Total participants (n) | 369 | 466 | 455 | 0 | 0 | 221 | 0 | 247 |
| Total studies (k) | 7 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Heterogeneity variance (I2) | 38% | 49.5% | 0.0% | 20.0% | 0.0% | |||
| Heterogeneity significance (P) | .139 | .054 | .689 | .290 | .801 | |||
| BACE | ||||||||
| Total participants (n) | 369 | 426 | 455 | 0 | 0 | 221 | 0 | 247 |
| Total studies (k) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Heterogeneity variance (I2) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 19.4% | 0.0% | 14.5% | |||
| Heterogeneity significance (P) | .487 | .549 | .282 | .468 | .319 | |||
| LA | ||||||||
| Total participants (n) | 338 | 383 | 409 | 0 | 0 | 221 | 0 | 247 |
| Total studies (k) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Heterogeneity variance (I2) | 50.6% | 8.9% | 48.6% | 0.0% | 32.5% | |||
| Heterogeneity significance (P) | .072 | .359 | .083 | .509 | .217 | |||
Note: BADE, bias against disconfirmatory evidence; BACE, bias against confirmatory evidence; LA, liberal acceptance.
aSD = schizophrenia with current delusions, HC = healthy controls, SND = schizophrenia without current delusions, PD = other psychiatric illnesses with current delusions, PND = other psychiatric illnesses without current delusions.
b g = Hedges’ g reported or calculated; r = correlation reported.
cBADE and BACE data only.
dBADE data only.