Table 1.
Clinical characteristics by patterns of hyaluronic acid injection use (N=96*).
| Characteristics | Switching users (n=23) |
Continued users (n=15) |
One-time users (n=58) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age in years | 62.0 (8.0) | 65.6 (7.4) | 67.0 (8.6) | |
| Mean intervals | 2.4 (1.9) | 1.5 (0.9) | NA | |
| Women (%)a | 52.2 | 40.0 | 46.6 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%)a | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 82.6 | 93.3 | 89.7 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 8.7 | 0 | 6.9 | |
| Other | 8.7 | 6.7 | 3.5 | |
| Education (%)a | ||||
| High school or less | 8.7 | 20.0 | 12.3 | |
| Some college | 39.1 | 20.0 | 22.8 | |
| College graduate | 8.7 | 33.3 | 19.3 | |
| Some graduate school or above | 43.5 | 26.7 | 45.6 | |
| Income (%)a | ||||
| <$25,000 | 0 | 13.3 | 3.5 | |
| $25,000 - $50,000 | 34.8 | 6.7 | 22.8 | |
| >$50,000 | 65.2 | 80.0 | 73.7 | |
| Body mass index (%) | ||||
| Normal | 13.0 | 20.0 | 15.5 | |
| Overweight | 34.8 | 20.0 | 31.0 | |
| Obese | 52.2 | 60.0 | 53.5 | |
| Health care coverage (%) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Kellgren-Lawrence grade (%) | ||||
| 2 | 15.0 | 15.4 | 18.4 | |
| 3 | 35.0 | 46.2 | 46.9 | |
| 4 | 50.0 | 38.5 | 34.7 | |
| Multi-joint symptoms (%) | 78.3 | 46.7 | 60.3 | |
| History of knee injury (%) | 69.6 | 46.7 | 56.9 | |
| History of knee surgery (%) | 56.5 | 46.7 | 53.5 | |
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D >16) (%) | 13.0 | 20.0 | 9.3 | |
| Comorbidity status | ||||
| 0 | 73.9 | 64.3 | 72.4 | |
| 1 | 17.4 | 28.6 | 19.0 | |
| ≥2 | 8.7 | 7.1 | 8.6 | |
| WOMAC scores, mean (SD) | ||||
| Pain | 5.8 (3.7) | 4.0 (2.9) | 6.3 (3.7) | |
| Stiffness | 2.7 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.5) | 3.0 (1.6) | |
| Physical function | 17.1 (11.5) | 14.2 (9.9) | 18.7 (12.1) | |
| Joint space width, mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.9) | 4.6 (1.7) | 3.9 (2.2) | |
| SF-12 PCS, mean (SD) | 40.2 (9.9) | 41.5 (9.1) | 41.2 (10.4) | |
| SF-12 MCS, mean (SD) | 54.0 (7.6) | 53.5 (11.5) | 56.2 (7.6) | |
| PACE, mean (SD) | 154.2 (70.4) | 177.4 (64.2) | 145.1 (82.3) | |
Abbreviation: CES-D, Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; MCS, SF-12 Mental Component Summary scores; PACE, Physical activity scale for the elderly; PCS, SF-12 Physical Component Summary scores; SD, standard deviation; WOMAC, The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index.
a
Information at enrollment was used.
*
Number of participants with missing information: education (1), annual household income (1), health care coverage (5), Kellgren-Lawrence grade (14), CES-D (4), comorbidity status (1), WOMAC Physical function (2), joint space width (24), SF-12 PCS (5), SF-12 MCS (5), PACE (2).