. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Arthroplasty. 2017 May 18;32(10):3029–3033. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2017.05.019

Table 4. Secondary outcomes across all groups.

	IV Group (n=57)	PO Group (n=58)	Placebo Group (n=59)	P-value^*	P-value^†	P-value^‡	P-value^‖
Time to breakthrough pain, minutes				0.80	0.64	0.52	0.92
mean ±SD	234 ±207	245 ±269	204 ±146
median (25^th-75^th percentiles)	170 (118-299)	165 (95-295)	170 (105-260)

Time to rescue analgesia, minutes				0.72	0.98	0.50	0.47
mean ±SD	270 ±230	283 ±271	239 ±194
median (25^th-75^th percentiles)	203 (113-370)	216 (120-325)	175 (111-300)

Total opiate consumption, 6 hours				0.60	0.30	0.57	0.69
mean ±SD	0.47 ±0.56	0.54 ±0.53	0.54 ±0.61
median (25^th-75^th percentiles)	0.38 (0-0.75)	0.38 (0-0.75)	0.38 (0-0.75)

Total opiate consumption, 24 hours				0.48	0.23	0.67	0.46
mean ±SD	1.25 ±1.30	1.49 ±1.34	1.36 ±1.31
median (25^th-75^th percentiles)	0.75 (0.38-1.88)	1.14 (0.38-2.25)	0.94 (0.38-2.38)

Time to PACU discharge, minutes				0.39	0.17	0.46	0.57
mean ±SD	175 ±75	155 ±55	164 ±70
median (25^th-75^th percentiles)	165 (129-205)	145 (110-195)	150 (120-210)

Total opiate consumption reported in IV hydromorphone (millgrams) equivalents.

SD = standard deviation; PACU = post-anesthesia care unit.

Comparison between all groups was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.

^†

Comparison between IV Group and PO Group was performed with the Wilcoxon rank sum.

^‡

Comparison between IV Group and Placebo Group was performed with the Wilcoxon rank sum.

^‖

Comparison between PO Group and Placebo Group was performed with the Wilcoxon rank sum.