Table 1.
Metabolic and urinary variables in normal and GK rats treated with or without ipragliflozin.
| Wistar + Vehicle | Wistar + Ipragliflozin | GK + Vehicle | GK + Ipragliflozin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GA (%) | 1.50 ± 0.05 | 1.53 ± 0.07 | 2.3 ± 0.07 | 1.9 ± 0.09† |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.32 ± 0.13 | 5.31 ± 0.17 | 5.21 ± 0.12 | 5.465 ± 0.03 |
| NEFA (μEq/L) | 353.8 ± 25.5 | 464.3 ± 48.1 | 444.3 ± 18.3 | 761.3 ± 150.7 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 119.5 ± 12.4 | 99.2 ± 16.0 | 52.3 ± 7.4 | 31.0 ± 3.9† |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 67.0 ± 3.5 | 58.2 ± 3.0 | 77.8 ± 5.2 | 78.8 ± 3.8 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.7 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | 7.0 ± 0.7 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 26.8 ± 1.4 | 25.3 ± 0.6 | 24.3 ± 1.8 | 29.0 ± 2.1 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 19.8 ± 0.6 | 22.5 ± 0.6* | 15.7 ± 1.2 | 16.1 ± 1.0 |
| CRE (mg/dL) | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.00 |
| Total ketone bodies (μmol/L) | 315.7 ± 12.7 | 579.8 ± 70.0* | 414.8 ±130.4 | 1483.3 ± 376.2† |
| Acetoacetone (μmol/L) | 50.3 ± 2.6 | 118.8 ± 19.0* | 91.5 ± 39.9 | 321.5 ± 74.8† |
| 3-hydroxybutyrate (μmol/L) | 265.3 ± 11.7 | 461.0 ± 52.9* | 323.3 ± 92.7 | 1161.8 ± 301.9† |
| Urine volume (ml/day) | 11.2 ± 0.5 | 26.9 ± 2.2** | 9.6 ± 0.7 | 29.3 ± 3.6†† |
| Urine glucose concentration (mg/dL) | 31.8 ± 3.4 | 11260.0 ± 148.2** | 588.3 ± 349.4 | 9401.0 ± 1647.7†† |
GA, glycated albumin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; NEFA, nonesterified free fatty acids. Values are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 for Wistar + ipragliflozin vs. Wistar + vehicle, † P < 0.05, †† P < 0.01 for GK + ipragliflozin vs. GK + vehicle. n = 4–6.