Figure 7.

Effects of sodium propionate on NF-κB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse mammary epithelial cells. Cells were pretreated with sodium propionate (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM) for 12 h followed by incubation with 1 µg/ml LPS for 3 h. (A) Protein samples were analyzed by western blotting with specific antibodies. (B) Quantification of protein samples was determined by densitometry and is normalized to β-actin. Results are given as mean ± SEM. Differences between groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s post hoc analysis. ^#p < 0.05 versus the control group, and *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus the LPS-treated group.