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. 2017 Sep 19;7:11849. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11897-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dependence of green emission intensity ratio (I_R/I_S) (•) and sensitivity (▴) on sample temperature, the solid curves represent the fitting curves of experimental data to equation (1) (a) for NaYF₄:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺@ NaYF₄:Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺ core-shell particles and (b) for NaYF₄:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ particles. The inserts show the upconversion spectra for both the samples measured at different temperatures. (c) Shows the dependence of relative sensitivities for the naked core, core-shell structure and the bulk on the temperature.