Table 1.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) modifications and trafficking in amyloid β (Aβ) generation.

Modification	Trafficking	Affected cleavage	Aβ	Cells/Organs	References
Glycosylation
N-Glycosylation				COS-7 HEK293	Pahlsson et al. (1992)
O-Glycosylation	PM	α-secretase	↓	PC12 CHO Hela	Weidemann et al. (1989) Perdivara et al. (2009) Jacobsen and Iverfeldt (2011) Chun et al. (2015a,b)
Palmitoylation
Cys186/187	Lipid raft	β-secretase	↑	CHO PC12 Primary neuron	Bhattacharyya et al. (2013)
Phosphorylation
Ser655	TGN	α-secretase	↓	PC12 Rat brains	Gandy et al. (1988) Buxbaum et al. (1990) Suzuki et al. (1992) Isohara et al. (1999)
Thr668		β-/γ-secretase	↑	SKSH-SY5Y H4 AD brains Mouse brains Primary neuron	Lee et al. (2003) Vingtdeux et al. (2005) Judge et al. (2011) Mazzitelli et al. (2011)
Tyr687	ER/Golgi	α-/γ-secretase	↓	AD brains COS-7 HEK293	Zambrano et al. (2001) Tarr et al. (2002) Lee et al. (2003) Rebelo et al. (2007) Takahashi et al. (2008)
Ubiquitination
Lys651	PM ↓ Lipid raft	α-secretase ↓β-secretase	↓ ↓	Primary neuron Hela HEK293 N2a Mouse brains	Watanabe et al. (2012) Morel et al. (2013)
Lys688	Golgi		↓	PC12, H4 and HEK293	Hiltunen et al. (2006) El Ayadi et al. (2012)
Sumoylation
Lys587/Lys595			↓	Hela	Zhang and Sarge (2008)
Sulfation				PC12	Weidemann et al. (1989)