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. 2017 Sep 15;11:515. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00515

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Copyright © 2017 Summers, Summers, Carpenter, Smith, Young, Meyerink, Orr, Arendt and Summers.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Stress-Alternatives Model aquatic arena and experimental design. (A) The investigation design time line included a week of acclimation to experimental tanks, followed by pretest blood sample 3 days of recovery, and then training. Social interactions with a novel large aggressor (US) occurred daily in the SAM (training) following CS presentation (water off) over the next week, with testing on the following day. Fifteen minutes after the initiation of testing terminal blood and brain samples were collected for analysis. (B) The percentage of trout that display the Escape (light gray bar, N = 10) or Stay (dark gray N = 10) phenotypes reliably, with the remaining animals uncommitted to either (light gray hatched). Uncommitted trout displayed escape during some social interactions, and Stay during others. (C) The learning curve for escape. Mean (± SEM) latency to escape for each day of training (1–7).