Table 1.

Clinical and in vitro doses for AEDs.

AED	Dosage in human63	Reported doses and mechanisms in vitro	Tested doses
Carbamazepine	200–1200 mg/daya	Inhibits VGSCs with an IC50 of ~30μM23	1, 5, and 50 μM
Phenytoin	300–600 mg/dayb	Inhibits VGSCs with an IC50 of ~30 μM23	5 and 50 μM
Valproate	10–60 mg/kg/day	Inhibits Na+ conductance and changes other parameters of Na+ currents at a concentration of 1 mM24	1 mM
Lamotrigine	25–375 mg/kg/daya	Inhibits human VGSCs with an IC50 of 56 μM26	60 μM
Zonisamide	100–400 mg/dayb	Enhances steady-state fast inactivation of Na+ current with a dissociation constant of 12 μM and reduces T-type Ca2+ currents by 38% at 50 μM27,64	50 μM
Felbamate	1200–3600 mg/dayc	Inhibits neuronal firing in striatal neurons with an IC50 of 28 μM and reduces NMDA-mediated currents by 29% at 100 μM65	100 μM
Gabapentin	900–3600 mg/daya	Inhibits VGCC-mediated currents with an IC50 of 167 nM and a saturated dose of 25 μM in DRG neurons66	50 μM
Levetiracetam	1000–3000 mg/dayd	Inhibits VGCC-mediated currents with an IC50 of 14.7 μM in hippocampal neurons67	100 μM
Ethosuximide	20 mg/kg/daye	Inhibits T-type VGCC-mediated currents with an IC50 of 500 μM68	500 μM
Tiagabine	4–32 mg/daya	Prolongs the duration of IPSPs and inhibits epileptiform bursting at a concentration of 25 μM69	30 μM
Vigabatrin	0.5–3 g/dayb	Increased cellular GABA concentrations in slices and tonic GABA currents in cultured neurons at a concentration of 100 μM70,71	200 μM

^aDoses for adults and children over 12 years of age.

^bDoses for adults.

^cDoses for adults and children over 14 years of age.

^dDoses for adults and children over 16 years of age.

^eThe optical dose for pediatric patients.