L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LBB.B5-R growth dynamics in MRS and milk. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LBB.B5-R was incubated in either MRS or milk at 37°C for 24 h, and the cultures were sampled every 2 or 3 h for pH measurement and cell enumeration. Data are shown as mean ± standard error (SE). *, P < 0.05, and **, P < 0.01, by Student’s t test. The arrow indicates when the protein extraction was performed for the 37°C MRS and milk cultures.