Table 1.
Factor loadings and explained variation in food groups
| Food groups | Factor1 | Factor2 | Factor3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 34 Food groups used in dietary pattern anaylsis | Original 98 food items from J-NHNS [food group number] | Traditional Japanese | Westernized | Meat and fat |
| Rice | Rice [1] | 0.149 | −0.667 | −0.021 |
| Rice products | Rice products [2] | −0.003 | 0.061 | −0.030 |
| Flour and wheat products | Flour and wheat [3], other wheat products [4] | −0.064 | −0.038 | 0.399 |
| Bread and danish | bread [4], danish [5] | −0.207 | 0.638 | 0.006 |
| Noodles (includes soba) | Udon, chinese noodles [6] instant chinese noodles [7] pasta [8] soba (buckwheat noodles) [10] | −0.063 | 0.224 | 0.282 |
| Corn products and other grains | Corn products [11] other grains [12] | 0.022 | 0.058 | −0.022 |
| Potatoes | Sweet potatoes [13], potatoes [14], other starchy roots and tubers [15], processed starch [16] | 0.323 | −0.042 | 0.051 |
| Sugars and sweeteners | Sugars and sweeteners [17] | 0.394 | 0.203 | 0.098 |
| Beans | Soy beans and soybean products [18], Tofu [19], soy bean curd [20], Natto [21], other soy bean products [22], other beans [23] | 0.381 | −0.043 | −0.097 |
| Seeds and nuts | seeds and nuts [24] | 0.163 | 0.115 | −0.035 |
| Fresh vegetables | tomato [25] carrot [26] spanich [27] green pepper [28] other brightly colored vegetables [29] cabbage [30] cucumber [31] radish [32] onion [33] Chinese cabbage [34] other light-colored vegetables [35] | 0.577 | 0.049 | 0.162 |
| Vegetable juice | vegetable juice [36] | 0.006 | 0.116 | −0.010 |
| Salted or pickled vegetables | leafy vegetables pickles [37] pickled radish and other salted or pickled vegetables [38] | 0.261 | −0.148 | −0.177 |
| Fresh fruit | Strawberry [39], citrus fruits [40], banana [41], apples [42], other fruits [43] | 0.389 | 0.333 | −0.288 |
| Jam | Jam [44] | 0.057 | 0.356 | −0.041 |
| Fruit juice | Fruit juice [45] | −0.055 | 0.036 | 0.050 |
| Mushrooms | Mushrooms [46] | 0.372 | 0.085 | 0.117 |
| Seaweeds | Seaweeds [47] | 0.262 | −0.033 | −0.049 |
| Fish and shellfish | Mackerel, sardines [48], salmon and trout [49], red snapper, flounder and flatfishes [50], tuna, swordfishs [51], other raw fishes [52], shellfishes [53], squid and cuttlefish [54], prawns and crabs [55], processed fishes and seafood (salted, dried) [56], canned fish and seafoods [57] tsukudani [58] fish paste [59], fish ham and sausages [60] | 0.389 | −0.144 | −0.189 |
| Meat | Beef [61], pork [62], ham and sausages [63], other meats [64], chicken [65], other poultry [66], innards [67], whale [68], other processed meat and meat products [69] | −0.055 | −0.114 | 0.623 |
| Eggs | Eggs [70] | 0.095 | −0.114 | 0.238 |
| Milk, cheese, and yogurt | Milk [71], cheese [72], and yogurt [73] | 0.144 | 0.420 | −0.160 |
| Other milk products | Other dairy products [74], other milks [75] | −0.076 | 0.045 | 0.034 |
| Butter and margarine | Butter [76], margarine [77] | −0.160 | 0.484 | 0.164 |
| Other fats | Vegetable oils [78], animal fats [79], other fats [80] | −0.032 | −0.162 | 0.573 |
| Confectionaries | Japanese confectioneries (Wagashi) [81], cakes and pastries [82], biscuits [83], candies [84], other confectioneries [85] | −0.019 | 0.203 | −0.139 |
| Alcohol drinks | Japanese sake [86], beer [87], whiskey, wine and other alcoholic beverages [88] | 0.028 | −0.169 | 0.247 |
| Tea | Tea [89] | 0.269 | −0.003 | −0.232 |
| Coffee and cocoa | Coffee and cocoa [90] | −0.052 | 0.282 | 0.141 |
| Other beverages | Other beverages [91] | −0.091 | −0.018 | 0.192 |
| Sauce, mayonnaise | Sauce [92], salt [94], mayonnaise [95], other seasonings [97] | 0.161 | 0.146 | 0.389 |
| Soy sauce | Soy sauce [93] | 0.554 | −0.014 | 0.242 |
| Miso | Miso [96] | 0.397 | −0.309 | −0.139 |
| Spices | Spices [98] | 0.137 | 0.019 | 0.149 |
| Explained variation in food groups (%) | 2.080 | 2.007 | 1.729 | |