Table 2.

Recent HIV test result by demographic and risk characteristics of female sex workers in Iran, 2015

Variables	N	HIV testing‡	x2 (df)†	x2 (df1,df2) ††	P-value
Type of study sample			105.5(1)	24.9 (1, 19)	<0.001
Facility-based	1148	75.1 (62.7,84.4) a
Outreach	147	34.0 (22.8,47.4)
Age categories			1.4 (2)	0.4 (1.5, 28.9)	0.620
<25 years old	135	74.8 (57.4,86.7)
25–34 years old	513	70.4 (60.1,78.9)
35+	645	69.6 (57.4,79.5)
Duration of sex work involvement			2.8 (3)	0.5 (2.3, 44.2)	0.660
≤2 yrs	231	69.7 (61.4,76.9)
3 to 5 yrs	300	74.3 (61.4,84.1)
6 to 10 yrs	325	68.6 (53.6,80.5)
>10 yrs	397	69.8 (56.5,80.4)
Current Marital status			12.0 (3)	2.3 (2.7, 50.8)	0.095
Single	83	74.7 (57.6,86.5)
Married	431	65.0 (49.9,77.5)
Others (widow, divorced)	580	71.7 (61.3,80.2)
Temporary marriage (Sigheh)	198	77.3 (67.8,84.6)
Education			15.0 (3)	3.2 (2.5, 46.9)	0.038
Illiterate	124	58.1 (39.4,74.7)
Primary school or less	363	67.5 (52.8,79.4)
Middle and high school	455	72.7 (62.8, 80.9)
Diploma and above	353	74.8 (66.0, 81.9)
Having income other than sex work			0.4 (1)	0.1 (1, 19)	0.735
Yes	531	69.7 (55.3,81.0)
No	758	71.2 (61.5,79.4)
Housing status			4.5 (1)	2.3 (1, 19)	0.145
Stable	1168	69.5 (57.9,79.1)
Unstable	126	78.6 (68.0,86.3)
Primary Solicitation venue			0.4 (1)	0.2 (1, 19)	0.665
Street-based	637	71.4 (58.9,81.3)
Independent and home -based/indoor	644	69.9 (59.7,78.4)
Incarceration history *			12.3 (1)	4.8 (1, 19)	0.041
No	954	67.8 (56.2,77.6)
Yes	336	78.0 (65.4,86.9)
Experienced sexual violence *			5.4 (1)	2.5 (1, 19)	0.128
No	781	68.0 (55.9,78.0)
Yes	512	74.0 (63.3,82.5)
HIV Comprehensive knowledge b			12.3 (1)	7.2 (1, 19)	0.014
Insufficient	819	68.5 (57.7,77.6)
Sufficient	434	77.9 (67.4,85.7)
Self-perceived risk for HIV			4.3 (1)	5.7 (1, 19)	0.027
No	207	65.2 (52.6,76.0)
Yes (low, moderate, high)	895	72.5 (61.6,81.3)
Number of paying partners ***			25.5 (3)	3.2 (2.3, 42.9)	0.046
0	285	64.6 (53.2,74.5)
1	182	70.3 (56.0,81.5)
2–5	415	66.5 (52.1,78.4)
>5	384	80.2 (68.7,88.2)
Number of non-paying partners ***			9.3 (2)	3.9 (1.7, 33.0)	0.036
0	606	72.1 (62.2,80.3)
1	519	66.7 (52.7,78.2)
>1	158	78.5 (70.3,84.9)
Lifetime group sex **			0.5 (1)	0.4 (1, 19)	0.544
No	1130	70.0 (59.0,79.1)
Yes	161	72.7 (59.3,82.9)
Male condom use with all partners ***			11.8 (1)	10.8 (1, 19)	0.004
Consistent	331	79.2 (69.1,86.5)
Inconsistent	930	69.2 (59.1,77.8)
Drug injection *			0.7 (2)	0.2 (1.6, 30.7)	0.752
No drug injection history	1219	70.2 (59.3,79.2)
Yes – only injection	45	75.6 (57.3,87.7)
Yes – shared injection	26	73.1 (39.6,91.8)
Harm reduction service use **			117.0 (1)	52.2 (1, 19)	<0.001
No	195	43.1 (31.8,55.2)
Yes	956	80.3 (72.5,86.4)
Health service utilization **			94.6 (1)	23.1 (1, 19)	<0.001
No	260	46.2 (29.6,63.6)
Yes	1022	76.9 (68.6,83.5)
Knowing a site for HIV testing			255.0 (1)	235.0 (1, 19)	<0.001
No	128	10.2 (4.7,20.4)
Yes	1156	77.7 (69.4,84.2)
Perceived health-care stigma **			0.3 (1)	0.5 (1, 19)	0.470
No	1253	70.6 (59.8,79.4)
Yes	42	66.7 (50.2,79.9)

^‡Defined as last year HIV test and knew the results;

^a% (95% CI);

^bMeasured by 1) condoms can prevent HIV transmission, 2) restricting sexual activities to only one faithful, but uninfected partner can prevent HIV transmission, 3) mosquito bites can transmit HIV, 4) sharing meal with a person living with HIV can transmit HIV, 5) a healthy looking individual can have HIV;

^†Uncorrected Chi-Square statistic, df: degree of freedom;

^††Design-based (Rao-Scott correction) Chi-Square statistic with F distribution, df₁: numerator degree of freedom and df₂: denominator degree of freedom;

^*Duration: lifetime;

^**Duration: past year;

^***Duration: past month