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. 2017 Feb 27;46(3):20160329. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20160329

Table 2.

Studies using the phantoms available for CBCT image quality assurance, their characteristics, and the image quality parameters which were evaluated

Study (chronological order) Phantom ID Test units Voxel sizes (range) (mm) FOVa (small, medium and large) Evaluated image quality parameters
Density values Image uniformity Presence of artefacts Noise Spatial resolution Contrast Geometric accuracy Others
Araki et al14 (2004) I MercuRay (Hitachi Medical Systems America, Twinsburg, OH) 0.1–0.376 Small, medium and large       x x   x  
Marmulla et al15 (2005) II NewTom 9000 (QR srl, Verona, Italy) 0.29 nd             x  
Lagravere et al16 (2006) III NewTom QR-DVT 9000 (QR srl, Verona, Italy) nd nd x              
Ballrick et al17 (2008) IV i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA) 0.2–0.4 Small and medium         x   x FOV size accuracy
Loubele et al18 (2008) V NewTom 3G (QR srl, Verona, Italy), Accuitomo 3D (J. Morita Mfg Corp., Kyoto, Japan), MercuRay (Hitachi Medical Systems America, Twinsburg, OH) 0.13–0.38 nd x   x     x    
Loubele et al38 (2008) V NewTom 3G (QR srl), i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International), MercuRay (Hitachi Medical Systems America), Accuitomo 3D (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) 0.18–0.38 Small, medium and large           x    
Bryant et al19 (2008) VI i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International) 0.4 Large x x   x   x x  
Suomalainen et al20 (2009) VII 3D Accuitomo (J. Morita Mfg Corp.), Promax 3D (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland), Scanora 3D (Soredex, Tuusula, Finland) 0.12–0.36 Small x       x x    
Watanabe et al21 (2010) VIII 3D Accuitomo (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) 0.125 Small         x      
Vassileva and Stoyanov22 (2010) IX Iluma (IMTEC, Ardmore, OK) 0.1–0.4 Large x x   x        
Pauwels et al23 (2011) X Scanora 3D (Soredex), Galileos (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany), i-CAT Classic (Imaging Sciences International), Iluma Elite (IMTEC), ProMax 3D (Planmeca), SkyView (MyRay, Imola, Italy), Veraviewepocs 3D (J. Morita Mfg Corp, Kyoto, Japan) 0.13–0.35 Small, medium and large x x x x x x    
Nackaerts et al24 (2011) XI Accuitomo 3D XYZ (J. Morita Mfg Corp.), Galileos Comfort (Sirona), Kodak 9000 3D (Kodak Dental Systems, Carestream Health, Rochester, NY), Picasso Duo (Vatech/E-WOO Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea), Scanora 3D (Soredex) 0.0765–0.289 Small and medium x              
Tsutsumi et al25 (2011) XII MercuRay 12 (Hitachi Medical Systems America) 0.2–0.377 Medium and large             x  
Panzarella et al26 (2011) XIII NewTom 3G (QR srl) and i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International) 0.16–0.4 Medium and large             x  
Watanabe et al9 (2011) VIII 3D Accuitomo (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) 0.125 Medium and large         x      
Reeves et al27 (2012) XIV Asahi Alphard 3030 (Belmont Takara, Kyoto, Japan) and Planmeca ProMax 3D (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) 0.1–0.39 Small, medium and large x              
Pauwels et al39 (2012) X 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita Mfg Corp.), 3D Accuitomo XYZ (J. Morita Mfg Corp.), Veraviewepocs 3D (J. Morita Mfg Corp.), Galileos Comfor (Sirona), i-CAT Next Generation (Imaging Sciences International), Kodak 9000 3D (Kodak Dental Systems, Carestream Health), Kodak 9500 (Kodak Dental Systems, Carestream Health), NewTom VGi (QR srl), Pax-Uni3D (Value Added Technologies, Yongin, Republic of Korea), Picasso Trio (Value Added Technologies, Yongin, Republic of Korea), ProMax 3D (Planmeca), Scanora 3D (Soredex) and SkyView (Cefla Dental Group, Imola, Italy) 0.076–0.4 Small, medium and large       x   x    
Thongvigitmanee et al28 (2013) XV DentiiScan (NECTEC and MTEC, Pathum Thani, Thailand) 0.4 Medium             x  
Ozaki et al29 (2013) XVI 3DXFPD8 (Hitachi Medical Systems America, Twinsburg, OH) and FineCube v. 12 (Yoshida Dental Mfg Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) 0.08–0.157 Small         x      
Batista et al30 (2013) XVII Kodak 9000 (Kodak Dental Systems, Carestream Health), Kodak 9500 (Kodak Dental Systems, Carestream Health), and i-CAT Classic (Imaging Sciences International) 0.076–1.0 Small, medium and large x x   x   x x  
Ludlow and Walker31 (2013) XVIII i-CAT Next Generation (Imaging Sciences International) 0.125–0.4 Small x     x x x   Nyquist frequency
Bamba et al40 (2013) X CS9300 3D (Kodak Dental Systems, Carestream Health, Rochester, NY), Accuitomo 80 (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) and Veraviewepocs 3Df (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) 0.08–0,125 Small x x x x x x x  
Torgersen et al10 (2014) XIX 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) nd Small x x   x x x x Nyquist frequency
Steiding et al32 (2014) XX Kavo 3D eXam (KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach, Germany) 0.3 Medium x x x x x x    
Oliveira et al33 (2014) XXI Picasso-Trio (Vatech/E-WOO Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea) nd Small x              
Pauwels et al41 (2014) X 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) 0.16 Small and medium           x    
Dillenseger et al34 (2015) XXII Newtom 5G (QR srl, Verona, Italy) 0.075–0.25 Small and medium x x   x x   x  
Plachtovics et al35 (2015) XXIII iCAT Classic (Imaging Sciences International) 0.2 Small x       x      
Pauwels et al36 (2015) XXIV 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita Mfg Corp.), Cranex 3D (Soredex, Tuusula, Finland), Scanora 3D (Soredex), and Galileos Comfort (Sirona) 0.125–0.35 Small, medium and large           x    
Kosalagood et al42 (2015) X 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita Mfg Corp.), Galileos Comfort (Sirona), Scanora 3D (Soredex), CB MercuRay (Hitachi Medical Systems America), i-CAT Next Gen (Imaging Sciences International), Kodak CS 9300 (Kodak Dental Systems, Carestream Health), WhiteFox (Acteon Group, Mérignac, France), Dentiiscan (NECTEC and MTEC, Pathum Thani, Thailand) 0.25–0.4 Small, medium and large             x  
Steiding et al12 (2015) XX KaVo 3D eXam (KaVo Dental GmbH) 0.3 Medium   x x x x x    
Abouei et al43 (2015) X Carestream 9300 (Kodak Dental Systems, Carestream Health, Rochester, NY) 0.18–0.25 Small and medium   x x x x x x  
Ali et al44 (2015) VIII Scanora 3D (Soredex) and 3D Accuitomo 80 (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) 0.08 Small         x x    
Choi et al45 (2015) X Dinnova3 (HDXwill Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea) 0.3 Large   x     x x    
Pauwels et al46 (2016) X 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) nd Small and medium       x        
Taylor et al47 (2016) X 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita Mfg Corp.) nd Medium x x       x    
Elkhateeb et al37 (2016) XXV CS 9300 PREMIUM (Kodak Dental Systems, Carestream Health, Rochester, NY) 0.18–0.5 Small and medium   x   x x x    

FOV, field of view; nd, not declared.

a

Small FOV = Height ≤ 80 mm, Medium FOV = Height > 80 ≤ 130 mm, Large FOV = Height > 130 mm.