Table 2.

Risk of bias in included trials.

References	Sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of patients and healthcare providers	Blinding of outcome assessors	Missing outcome data	Selective outcome reporting	Source of funding
Annane et al. 200726	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
De Backer et al.3	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Unclear
Lauzier et al. 200627	Low	Low	High	High	High	Unclear	Low
Mahmoud & Ammar 201228	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Morelli et al. 200829	Low	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Morelli et al.30	Low	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Myburgh et al. 200831	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Oliveira et al. 201432	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Unclear
Patel et al. 200233	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear
Patel et al. 201034	High	High	High	High	Low	Low	Low
Russell et al.4	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low	Low
Svoboda et al. 201235	Low	Low	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Zambolim et al.36	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Unclear