Fig. 3. Shell cost by latitudinal zone.

Mean energy budget shell cost across latitudinal zones for (A) gastropods and (B) bivalves during the first 6 years of life. Data show the standard CaCO3 deposition cost of 1.5 J mg−1 CaCO3 and the effect of a hypothetical doubling of CaCO3 cost to 3 J mg−1 on the energy budget. Error bars are ±1 SE.