(A) In hippocampal slices from WT mice, treatment with SB431542 (50 µM), an inhibitor of ACVR1C, starting 10 min before S2 stimulation blocked persistent potentiation in pathway S2 (A2; two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, F(1,8) = 13.9, p=0.007), without affecting 4-train long-lasting potentiation in pathway S1 (A1; two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, F(1,8) = 0.3, p=0.6). Treatment with SB431542 during the last 1 hr of recording impaired the maintenance of S2 potentiation (A4; two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, F(1,8) = 6.1, p=0.039), but not 4-train long-lasting potentiation in pathway S1 (A3; two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, F(1,8) = 1.4, p=0.3). (B1) SB431542 or vehicle was bilaterally injected into the hippocampus immediately after training in the object-location memory task. (B2) While WT mice injected with SB431542 (1 µM) explored the DO significantly less than the vehicle-treated group, translin KO mice injected with SB431542 explored the DO at a level similar to the vehicle-treated group 24 hr after training (two-way ANOVA: genotype, F(1,31) = 9, p=0.005; treatment, F(1,31) = 18.9, p=0.0001; genotype X treatment, F(1,31) = 16.4, p=0.0003; Tukey’s post-hoc, WTvehicle vs. WTSB431542: p<0.0001, KOvehicle vs. KOSB431542: p=0.9). n, number of mice. * indicates p<0.05, *** indicates p<0.00005. Data are represented as mean ±SEM.