Table 2. Plasmodium infection status at enrolment by village.
| Village | P. falciparum | P. vivax | P. malariae | P. ovale | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N pos. | Prevalence by qPCR (CI95) | % mixed* | Mean† density (IQR) | Mean MOI‡ (range) | N pos. | Prevalence by qPCR (CI95) |
% mixed* | Mean† density (IQR) | Mean MOI‡ (range) | N pos. | Prevalence by qPCR (CI95) |
% mixed* | N pos. | Prevalence by qPCR (CI95) |
% mixed* | |
| Albinama | 18 | 18 (11–27) | 72 | 131 (38–189) | 1.4 (1–4) | 54 | 55 (44–65) | 24 | 3 (1–17) | 1.8 (1–7) | 9 | 9 (5–17) | 67 | 5 | 5 (2–12) | 100 |
| Amahup | 14 | 12 (7–19) | 57 | 56 (14–105) | 1.6 (1–5) | 46 | 39 (30–48) | 24 | 3 (1–29) | 2.2 (1–7) | 12 | 10 (6–17) | 83 | 0 | 0 | |
| Balanga | 15 | 28 (17–42) | 67 | 79 (30–848) | 1.7 (1–5) | 23 | 43 (30–57) | 43 | 2 (1–28) | 2.0 (1–7) | 9 | 17 (8–30) | 56 | 2 | 3 (0–14) | 50 |
| Balif | 8 | 9 (4–17) | 63 | 64 (10–325) | 2.0 (1–4) | 35 | 38 (30–48) | 14 | 2 (1–14) | 1.9 (1–6) | 7 | 8 (3–15) | 57 | 0 | 0 | |
| Bolumita | 50 | 71 (59–81) | 80 | 331 (62–1988) | 2.2 (1–8) | 47 | 67 (55–78) | 81 | 3 (2–27) | 2.9 (1–10) | 28 | 40 (29–52) | 89 | 8 | 11 (5–22) | 100 |
| Numangu | 8 | 26 (13–45) | 75 | 192 (30–848) | 1.1 (1–2) | 18 | 58 (39–75) | 28 | 3 (1–25) | 1.6 (1–5) | 4 | 13 (4–31) | 50 | 0 | 0 | |
| Overall | 113 | 24 (20–28) | 73 | 163 (20–1103) | 1.9 (1–8) | 223 | 48 (43–52) | 37 | 3 (1–23) | 2.2 (1–10) | 69 | 15 (12–18) | 75 | 15 | 3 (2–5) | 93 |
| p-value§ | <0.001 | 0.034 | 0.086 | 0.047 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.947 | 0.020 | <0.001 | 0.086 | <0.001 | 0.133 | ||||
* % of infections by qPCR that are mixed-species infections.
† Geometric mean of species-specific 18S rRNA copy numbers per µl blood.
‡ MOI, multiplicity of infection: number of Pf-msp2 and Pv-msp1F3 alleles per infection.
§ Differences between villages were tested for using Chi2 and Fisher’s exact test (prevalence, proportion mixed) or Kruskal-Wallis test (MOI, log10-transformed parasite density).