Table 1.

Minimum‐adequate mixed‐effects model for the effects of pathogen damage, tree species richness, plant traits, and plot characteristics on herbivory (R ²m = 14.3%; R ²c = 48.5%)

Predictor	Std. Est.	SE	df	t	p
(Intercept)	2.05	0.07	38	30.3	<.001
Site B	0.56	0.04	275	13.6	<.001
Elevation (log)	0.06	0.02	220	2.9	.004
Slope (log)	0.04	0.01	231	2.6	.009
Pathogen damage (log)	0.07	0.01	10,100	10.8	<.001
Tree species richness (log)	0.04	0.01	110	2.8	.006
Initial wood volume (log)	0.05	0.01	9,993	6.9	<.001
PC1morph	−0.11	0.06	30	−1.9	.070
PC2morph	−0.11	0.05	30	−2.1	.044
PC2chem	−0.04	0.06	29	−0.6	.550
Niche breadth (log)	0.05	0.07	32	0.7	.472
Niche marginality (log)	0.10	0.05	30	2.0	.053
Pathogen damage:PC2chem	−0.03	0.01	10,120	−3.8	<.001
Pathogen damage:niche breadth	−0.02	0.01	10,090	−3.5	<.001
Tree richness:wood volume	0.02	0.01	6,311	2.7	.008
Pathogen damage:tree richness	−0.01	0.01	6,725	−2.1	.039

Nonsignificant terms retained in the minimal models are italicized; log‐transformed predictors are indicated by (log); colons indicate interactions between two predictors. PC1 and PC2 = scores of the first and second principal component of a PCA on morphological or chemical leaf traits (see Tables S1, S2).