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. 2017 Sep 20;8:613. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00588-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Kelvin-probe-force-microscopy of an interdigitated gold microelectrode array during molecular modification. Contact potential difference (CPD) maps across sets of interdigitated fingers and illustrations of the KPFM imaging experiment for an unmodified IDA a + b, an IDA after exposure to 4-methoxythiophenol (OMeTP) and its subsequent electrochemical desorption from electrode “b” c + d, and an IDA after the final modification step with 4-chlorothiophenol (ClTP) e + f