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. 2017 Sep 20;7:11991. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11819-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Time course of the two-phase fermentation strategy for the production of VAMAX1 (straight lines) and VAMAX2 (dotted lines) at the 15-L scale. The typical glycerol fed-batch phase was omitted in this strategy, allowing the direct transition to an induction phase after the depletion of the batch glycerol. The induction time was expanded to incorporate the time usually allocated for the glycerol fed-batch phase, resulting in almost the same total process duration as the three-phase strategy. An oxygen-limited induction mode with a constant methanol concentration of 2.5 mL L⁻¹ was used for product expression. (a) Course of dry cell weight (DCW, •) and dissolved oxygen tension (DOT). (b) Course of added methanol (Me), methanol concentration (MC), and product concentration (▴). The x-axis is normalized to the time point of induction. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of technical triplicates.