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. 2017 Sep 20;7:11988. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12154-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Infection of THP-1 cells with L. pneumophila induces pro-inflammatory cytokine release. THP-1 cells were stimulated with L. pneumophila (MOI 0.5) for 24 or 48 h, respectively. (a) IL-8 secretion was measured by ELISA, (b–e) secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured using Multiplex Luminex Assay. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4). 2-Way ANOVA was performed with Sidak’s multiple comparison test as described: *Compared to corresponding control, ^#compared to equally treated 24 h sample; ^#or *p ≤ 0.05, ^##p ≤ 0.01, ^###or ***p ≤ 0.001, ****or ^####p ≤ 0.0001.